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Analysis

阿里巴巴的回归之路

Jerry Chen
Jerry Chen
Research Strategist
26 July 2022
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阿里巴巴周二发布公告,公司将申请香港为主要上市地,预计将于今年年底之前生效,届时阿里巴巴将实现在纽交所和港交所的双重主要上市。

估计很多人在看到这则新闻时都会出现黑人问号脸:阿里巴巴不是早就在香港上市了吗?

的确,阿里巴巴当初在筹备上市时首先考虑的是香港,但无奈由于股权结构并不符合当时的上市条件未能成行,并最终于2014年在美国完成首次上市。250亿美元的融资规模还创下了当时最高IPO融资纪录。

随着港交所于2018年启动了上市制度改革,阿里巴巴也终于有机会和香港资本市场再续前缘。2019年阿里巴巴以二次上市的形式回归了港股市场(纽约仍是主要上市地),由此开启了中概股回流的大幕。此后,包括京东,网易,百度,“蔚小理”(三大造车新势力)等在内的近30家优质中概股都先后回归了港股。

虽说都是回归,但方式并不相同。包括阿里京东百度在内的大部分选择的是二次上市,而理想、小鹏、知乎等少数选择了双重(主要)上市。以下是名词解释部分。

双重上市(dual primary listing):两个资本市场都是第一上市地,公司需要同时满足两地的的监管要求。股票无法跨市场流通,股价表现相对独立。

二次上市(secondary listing):二次上市的公司是通过国际托管行和证券经纪商,实现股份跨市场流通的目的,因此两地的股票不会有太大的价差。主要是以存托凭证(Depository Receipts)的形式存在。公司主要还是受到第一上市地的监管机关监管。

两者的主要区别在于,前者门槛较高、审核周期较长,并需要同时遵守两地的监管,后者则相反。这也解释了为什么大部分中概股此前都选择二次上市。但随着宏观环境的变化,预计有更多中概股今后将会直接选择或改为双重上市的结构。在这方面,阿里巴巴又一次成为了先行者,具有标志性意义。

阿里巴巴的公告表示双重上市的目的是为了“让更广泛多元的投资者,尤其是阿里巴巴数字生态参与者,能共享阿里巴巴的成长和未来”。如果翻译一下,主要有以下两点考虑。

首先,完成在香港的主要上市之后,阿里巴巴有望被纳入港股通,带来更高的市场活跃度和流动性。

根据港交所数据,2021年通过港股通的南下资金的总成交额为9.3万亿港元,不仅刷新历史新高更是较上一年暴涨了68%,其占港股整体成交额的比例也突破了22%。反观阿里自身,今年上半年阿里于香港的日均交易量仅为7亿美元,只有美国市场日均交易量的21%。对于阿里巴巴而言,更多的用户来自于境内市场,更贴近内地投资者,扩大融资范围和股东基础也是理所应当。

第二,也是更为深远的考虑。由于众所周知的原因,在美上市的中概股正面临着严苛的会计审查甚至退市威胁。而双重上市能保证股票在两地相对独立的运行和定价,最大程度降低美国监管政策不确定性带来的风险。极端情况下,也做好了与美国“脱钩”的准备。双重上市是确保投资者利益的战略决策,也可能成为未来中概股的大势所趋。

那么问题来了,如果没有美股和港股账户,也不满足港股通的门槛,但又想交易阿里巴巴、京东、美团等在内的港股该怎么办呢?赶紧联系我们或访问网站获取更多港股交易秘笈。


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