Analysis

US

芯片法案落地巨头股价重挫 通胀是否见顶今晚见分晓

Jerry Chen
Research Strategist
10 Aug 2022
在万众瞩目的美国通胀数据出炉前夕,美股周二连续下挫,外汇和原油市场陷入停滞,黄金则短暂触及1800美元关口。

周二在拜登正式签署了《芯片与科学法案》的同时,美国芯片巨头本周却接连爆雷。英伟达、美光科技等巨头先后公布了糟糕的财报数据和业绩指引,悲观情绪不仅拖累芯片股,也带崩了整个科技板块。对于半导体产业来说,一方面是短期市场需求的减少,另一方面,《芯片法案》看似加大产业扶持力度,长期来看实则限制了厂商的全球布局且打破半导体产业生态,最终可能导致成本的上升。从股指层面来看,就像我们周一提醒的那样,纳斯达克100指数在近8个月的下降趋势线附近出现了连续三天的下挫。此刻我们或许更应该关注“熊市反弹”中的“熊市”。

除了股市之外,周二整体市场的行情非常清淡,在关键的通胀数据之前大家似乎都处于谨慎观望的状态。隔夜外汇市场波动大幅降低,黄金短暂触及1800整数关口后涨幅收窄。WTI原油基本持平在91.43附近。俄罗斯中断经由乌克兰输往欧洲的原油供应,以及美国伊朗核协议的谈判进展,都没能对油价产生明显影响。

今晚即将公布的美国7月通胀数据的重要性不言而喻。市场预期CPI的同比增速从9.1%放缓至8.7%,环比+0.2%,预测区间为0%-0.4%。但核心CPI预期同比增长6.1%,前值5.9%,环比增长0.5%,前值0.7%。

由于美国的汽油价格已经从6月峰值回落了20%,三月以来首次跌破4美元/加仑,因此通胀放缓是合理的预期。纽约联储此前发布的7月份消费者预期调查报告也展示了同样的观点。但排除能源和食品的核心CPI预计将延续上升,这让美联储很难放弃鹰派立场。目前利率市场预期9月加息近70个基点,终端利率将在明年3月达到3.67%,这都远高于非农之前的预估。

对于CPI数据所带来的短期反映来说,需要对以下两种情形做好准备。

若CPI环比增长超过0.5%,这会使得同比增速维持在9%以上,9月75个基点几乎板上钉钉,短端收益率大幅跳升导致收益率曲线进一步倒挂,这对美元是一大利好(下图),科技股将继续遭到抛售,黄金也将短暂告别升势。

美国2年/10年收益率曲线(蓝)vs 美元指数(黄)

若CPI环比出现负增长,将对“通胀见顶”形成共识,9月加息幅度降至50个基点,美元或将大幅回落,纳斯达克有望冲破趋势线压制并出现2%以上的涨幅。


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