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周二在拜登正式簽署了《芯片與科學法案》的同時,美國芯片巨頭本周卻接連爆雷。英偉達、美光科技等巨頭先後公布了糟糕的財報數據和業績指引,悲觀情緒不僅拖累芯片股,也帶崩了整個科技板塊。對於半導體產業來說,一方面是短期市場需求的減少,另一方面,《芯片法案》看似加大產業扶持力度,長期來看實則限製了廠商的全球布局且打破半導體產業生態,最終可能導致成本的上升。從股指層面來看,就像我們周一提醒的那樣,納斯達克100指數在近8個月的下降趨勢線附近出現了連續三天的下挫。此刻我們或許更應該關註「熊市反彈」中的「熊市」。
除了股市之外,周二整體市場的行情非常清淡,在關鍵的通脹數據之前大家似乎都處於謹慎觀望的狀態。隔夜外匯市場波動大幅降低,黃金短暫觸及1800整數關口後漲幅收窄。WTI原油基本持平在91.43附近。俄羅斯中斷經由烏克蘭輸往歐洲的原油供應,以及美國伊朗核協議的談判進展,都沒能對油價產生明顯影響。
今晚即將公布的美國7月通脹數據的重要性不言而喻。市場預期CPI的同比增速從9.1%放緩至8.7%,環比+0.2%,預測區間為0%-0.4%。但核心CPI預期同比增長6.1%,前值5.9%,環比增長0.5%,前值0.7%。
由於美國的汽油價格已經從6月峰值回落了20%,三月以來首次跌破4美元/加侖,因此通脹放緩是合理的預期。紐約聯儲此前發布的7月份消費者預期調查報告也展示了同樣的觀點。但排除能源和食品的核心CPI預計將延續上升,這讓美聯儲很難放棄鷹派立場。目前利率市場預期9月加息近70個基點,終端利率將在明年3月達到3.67%,這都遠高於非農之前的預估。
對於CPI數據所帶來的短期反映來說,需要對以下兩種情形做好準備。
若CPI環比增長超過0.5%,這會使得同比增速維持在9%以上,9月75個基點幾乎板上釘釘,短端收益率大幅跳升導致收益率曲線進一步倒掛,這對美元是一大利好(下圖),科技股將繼續遭到拋售,黃金也將短暫告別升勢。
美國2年/10年收益率曲線(藍)vs 美元指數(黃)
若CPI環比出現負增長,將對「通脹見頂」形成共識,9月加息幅度降至50個基點,美元或將大幅回落,納斯達克有望沖破趨勢線壓製並出現2%以上的漲幅。
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