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Analysis

Gold
GBP

黃金能否搭上“超級周期”的順風車

Jerry Chen
Jerry Chen
Research Strategist
11 May 2021
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即使你不交易大宗商品,你肯定也已經關註到了近來商品價格的暴漲以及其對各類資產價格的影響。

鐵礦石和銅的期貨價格在昨天盤中創下歷史新高。其實仔細觀察可以發現,原材料、有色金屬以及農產品的價格近來紛紛扶搖直上。追蹤23種原材料價格走勢的彭博商品現貨指數升至9年高點。新一輪的大宗商品“超級周期”似乎已經開啟。這一方面是由於受疫情影響的供應短缺,另一方面則是經濟復蘇和碳中和概念所引發的需求回暖,當然也不能缺少全球史無前例的寬松貨幣政策所帶來的流動性支撐。

大宗商品價格的飆升最直接的影響就是通脹率。下圖顯示,美國的5年期(藍色)和10年期(白色)的預期通脹率分別創下了2011和2013年以來的新高。這令美國三大股指昨天全線下跌,其中納斯達克的表現最為慘淡,而黃金則連續第四天上揚。

明天出爐的美國4月通脹數據自然也會反映出這一最新變化。CPI年率預計增長3.6%,核心CPI增長2.3%(前值分別為2.6%和1.6%)。如果數據好於預期,那將進一步突顯通脹的壓力。

那通脹(實際和預期)的上升是否會讓美聯儲提前釋放縮減信號呢?目前來看可能性比較渺茫,至少門檻非常高。

上周五的非農數據遠遜於預期,強化了美聯儲“現在談論縮減購債還為時尚早”的觀點。

雖然說美聯儲的貨幣政策框架是基於就業和通脹的雙重目標,但其中就業顯然占據著更大的比重。鮑威爾希望看到“一連串強勁的月度就業報告”,哪怕這是以通脹率的上升為代價的。早在去年美聯儲就為此放寬了通脹目標的設定——平均2%,即一段時間內在2%的上方運行。可以說美聯儲寧可然經濟適度過熱帶動就業市場復蘇,也不願意貿然踩下急剎車。

換言之,短期內通脹可能會繼續走高,而“縮減購債”在未來一段時間內卻很難有被討論的空間。聯邦基金利率期貨的數據顯示,投資者對2021(白)、2022(藍)和2023年(黃)的加息押註也有所削弱。

由此來看,美元在短時間內可能很難擺脫當前的弱勢局面。而非美貨幣則趁勢上演了完美風暴。

過去一個月中,加元、紐元、澳元、挪威克朗等商品貨幣跟隨大宗商品價格的上漲而表現搶眼。英鎊3.06%的漲幅也相當可觀,昨天更是在突破了前期的運行區間後跳升至2月25日來的新高1.4116。

G10貨幣兌美元的漲幅(2021.4.9 - 2021.5.11)

英鎊的強勢一方面來自於疫苗接種率快速升高後英國的進一步解封,同時由於蘇格蘭民族黨未能獲得議會的絕對多數(需要綠黨的支持),因此第二次蘇格蘭獨立公投的風險至少在短期來看有所減退。對於英鎊,現階段我們還是維持看漲的觀點。

最後來看一下黃金。大宗商品暴漲、預期通脹率升高,實際利率下降、美元疲軟,黃金終於再次閃耀!

從日線圖上來看,1850附近有著強勁的阻力,這裏是均線、通道上軌以及斐波那契回檔位重疊的位置。隨著金價逐漸接近這一技術阻力並且連續兩天留下較長的上影線,我們有理由保持謹慎。

若上破1850,則能打開更大的上行空間,看至1875以及1900。但若無法順利突破,關註下方的1819以及1800的整數關口。



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