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Analysis

USD

官宣!美联储启动缩表但加息悬而未决

Jerry Chen
Jerry Chen
Research Strategist
4 Nov 2021
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美联储在11月的会议上宣布正式启动缩减购债,但同时表示暂时不考虑加息。

经过了持续一年半的大放水后,全球的货币的政策终于临近拐点。挪威和新西兰已经率启动加息进程,加拿大结束了QE,澳洲结束了收益率曲线控制(YCC)政策,就在昨天,万众瞩目的美联储了也终于出手了!

缩减购债正式开启

如市场所预期的那样,美联储宣布将从本月开始以每月150亿美元(100亿国债+50亿机构抵押贷款支持证券MBS)的速度开始削减购债。若以此速度计算,当前1200亿/月的QE将于明年6月彻底结束。

之所以选择此时开始缩表是因为包括通胀、就业等在内的经济数据都已经恢复到了比较不错的水平,“经济实质性进展”的目标已经达成。昨天刚刚出炉的服务业PMI创造历史新高再次印证了这一观点。

对于缩表的频率,美联储实际上并没有把话说死,而是认为在必要时可以调整规模(加快速度)。如果比预期更早的结束QE,显然将为更早的加息铺平道路。

加息路径仍是未知

鲍威尔还是在努力的切割缩表和加息之间的逻辑关系,认为现在还不是考虑加息的时候。但利率市场仍然反映了2022年有2-3次加息的可能,最早出现在7月(70%左右的概率),即在QE结束之后。可以说昨天的会议并没有明显的改变市场的预期,美联储(点阵图)和投资者对于加息路径的预判依然存在不小分歧。

对于通胀的描述,美联储的声明中将原来的“暂时性”调整为“预计是暂时性的”,表明对通胀的前景判断出现了松动,逐步向现实的高通胀“妥协”。美国的通胀率目前处在30年来的最高水平,远高于2%的目标。而且考虑到能源价格、供应链瓶颈、房价疯涨、工资增速等因素,大部分人都倾向于认为高通胀将持续存在。

然而对加息来说,最重要的前提条件还是就业。鲍威尔认为将在明年年中可能达到“充分就业”的目标,这一时间点正好与7月加息“的预期吻合。

明天的非农将再次检验劳动力市场的复苏。此前非农连续两次不及预期之后,本次的预测为新增45万左右,预测区间为70-250万。失业率预计从4.8%进一步下降至4.7%。昨天的ADP就业强劲增长,但服务业PMI下的就业分类指数则连续数月下滑,暗示本次非农不太可能大幅超出预期。另外,若时薪增速若能达到5%以上,可能继续推升通胀预期,强化加息预期,美元或将因此受益。

市场反应

由于美联储仍然没有对加息有任何松口,美元指数(USDX)周三小幅下跌至93.80。美元兑主要货币都录得跌幅,而美国三大股指继续刷新新高。另外也可以关注到追踪小盘股的罗素2000指数在突破9个月之久的整理区域后同样创下记录高位。黄金盘中一度下探1760,最终收于两周以来的低点1769。

英国央行今晚加息?

利率市场显示今天英国央行有60%的概率加息15个基点。最近一段时间英国短期收益率的飙升已经充分表达了投资者的预期。若本周四英国央行的立场不够鹰派无法匹配市场预期,英镑或将面临抛售。下方的首要支撑参考为1.3600。

虽然英国央行尚未像加拿大央行那样结束QE,但行长贝利此前表示央行可能在退出量化宽松前就先启动加息,这为货币政策的快速收紧提供了可能性。


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