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Analysis

Gold

你真的了解黄金走势吗?

Jerry Chen
Jerry Chen
Research Strategist
4 May 2021
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尽管黄金周一跳升至1790上方,但也是目前所有贵金属中唯一一个价格低于100天均线的。

钯金(XPDUSD)今年累计上涨超过20%,白银短期的上涨趋势也较为明显,而黄金则是继续处于不温不火的状态。

金价在突破1760完成双底形态之后,多次挑战1798无功而返。这里不仅是4月的高点和100天均线所在的位置,也是大级别的下降周期的上轨附近。如果能顺利突破此处,则意味着多头将正真占据主导并继续冲击1840,该位置是双底形态理论上的反弹高度。

从4小时的图上能更清晰的看到短线的反弹趋势,以及1760和1798等关键位置。

除了技术形态,我们还可以从更多的维度来了解目前的黄金市场。

仓位和情绪指标

CFTC的数据显示,管理基金构和投机客所持有的黄金期货净多头头寸相比年初已经下降下降。而全球最大的黄金ETF今年以来也面临着持续的资金净流出。

在期权市场,黄金1个月期的隐含波动率相比1年期的低了2.8,投资者似乎没有完全押注金价在短线的剧烈波动(向上或向下)。另外,1个月的看涨期权和看跌期权(25 delta)的波动率差刚刚回升至0值上方,反映出多空力量目前还是相对较为均衡(数值越高,看涨氛围越浓)。这些数据正好解释了为何当前金价处于区间运行而缺乏方向。

黄金1个月期看涨期权波动率-看跌期权波动率

通胀预期

很多人都了解黄金是天然的抗通胀产品,因此当CPI或者PCE指数在节节攀升且美国10年期预期通胀率(盈亏平衡通胀率)升至2013年4月以来最高的2.42%的时候,黄金多头难免备受鼓舞。

然而,10年期预期通胀率和金价的30天滚动相关性仅有0.36,这使得“通胀预期推高金价”的观点并站不住脚。

另外,下图中从上至下分别显示了2年,5年和10年期预期通胀率。虽然说不同期限的数值都在升高,但短期(2年)的通胀预期上涨幅度明显快于中期(5年)和长期(10年),这也间接印证了美联储的“通胀只是暂时性的”这一观点。如果这一局面发生逆转,即当长期的通胀预期能赶超短期时,则意味着投资者不再坚信美联储的判断,而黄金将迎来更强势的上涨阶段。

实际利率

正像我们过去所多次说到的,影响黄金走势最重要的因素是实际利率(经通货膨胀调整后的利率)。10年期实际利率和金价的滚动相关性高达-0.905,两者可以说是比较完美的呈现了负相关性。

美国10年期实际利率(白)vs 黄金(蓝色)

在未来几个月,随着各项经济数据(例如本周五的非农和之后的通胀)越来越接近美联储所认定的“实质性进展”,实际利率可能再次转为上行,并拖累黄金走势。反之,若数据不佳或者“数据高峰”已过,实际利率则可能延续下跌从而提振金价,就像昨天的美国制造业PMI公布后的走势那样。



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