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Analysis

EUR

“超级马里奥”也救不了意大利!欧元麻烦不断!

Jerry Chen
Jerry Chen
Research Strategist
21 July 2022
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欧元周三结束了三连涨,而真正的考验将会在今明两天到来!

隔夜最重要的消息来自于意大利。上周递交辞呈但被挽留的意大利总理马里奥·德拉吉昨天再次在参议院遭遇挫败。虽然赢得了信任投票,但这一结果却毫无意义,因为执政联盟中第一大党五星运动,以及北方联盟和意大利力量党直接放弃投票,导致参与投票的议员不及321个参议院席位的一半。执政联盟的分崩离析已经无法避免。

由于在议会中没能获得普遍的支持,德拉吉预计在当地时间周四上午正式提出辞职。那个曾经拯救了欧债危机的“超级马里奥”现在却“救”不了意大利。大选将在今年秋天提前到来,这意味着意大利还要经历数月的动荡不安,而新一届政府极有可能改变德拉吉亲欧盟的立场,让意大利和欧盟之间的关系变得更为微妙。

也许您对意大利的局势并不感兴趣,但不可否认,政坛的动荡可能会成为欧元区第三大经济体债务风险的导火索。其后果往小了说是影响意大利的经济前景,并无法从欧盟获得恢复基金的拨款,往大了说可能导致欧元(跌破平价)和股市的崩盘(意大利股市今年累计下跌20%在欧洲垫底),并拖累整个欧元区甚至全球经济。

意大利政府已累积了超过2.7万亿欧元债务,是2021年GDP的150%,比当年“欧猪五国”中另四国(葡萄牙、爱尔兰、希腊和西班牙)的现有债务总和还要高。这一体量意味着一旦意大利发生债务危机,其规模之大谁也救不了且谁也逃不掉。

随着欧洲央行今天将正式开启加息进程,意大利的借贷成本预计还将快速升高。目前意大利和德国的10年期国债利差(蓝线)已经拉大到200个基点以上,若超过240个基点,或将触发欧元(红线)更深的下跌趋势。

意大利政坛风波爆发的时间点颇为尴尬,让今天的欧洲央行决策变得更为困难。

众所周知欧洲央行今天将宣布11年来的首次加息,如何既遏制通胀又能避免快速推高借贷成本是巨大挑战。若释放鸽派加息信号或仅加息25bp,欧元的反弹恐怕难以为继。

央行还将在今天推出一项新的“反碎片化工具”(Anti-Fragmentation Instrument),即通过购买部分南欧国家的国债来降低其融资成本,避免欧债危机重演。虽然没有指名道姓,但从债务规模和利息支出来看,最需要接受援助的就是意大利。然而救助有相应的前提条件,但一国因政治动荡所引发的危机并不符合标准,也很难说服其他成员国。但若放任不管,意大利债务危机风险又将升高甚至蔓延。如何抉择成为两难。

欧元和欧洲的麻烦还没完!

北溪1号管道将在今天结束年度例行维护,理论上将从明天开始恢复天然气供应。虽然普京表示将恢复供气排除了最坏的可能,但供气规模能不能达到维护前的水平值得关注。由于送修的涡轮机尚未安装到位,即使俄罗斯想大幅提升供气量也需要再等上几周时间。

北溪1号管道承载了俄罗斯输往欧洲的天然气总量的三分之一。若俄罗斯继续卡住欧洲的能源命脉,正在经历高温炙烤的欧洲或许将在不久之后迎来史无前例的寒冬。


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