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Analysis

Tesla

“登堂入室”之后的特斯拉

Jerry Chen
Jerry Chen
Research Strategist
19 Nov 2020
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经过漫长的相思、等待和“失望”之后,特斯拉终于众望所归,确定于12月21日正式被纳入标普500指数。

消息公布之后,特斯拉本周已经累计上涨近20%,市值突破4600亿美元,其股价今年已经上涨了5倍之多。此外,特斯拉还将成为有史以来加入标普500指数的市值最大的公司。“狂人”老板马斯克的身价也随之超越扎克伯格(Facebook),跃居全球富豪榜第三位。

Tesla 来源:MT5

按照最新的数据计算,特斯拉约占标普500总市值的1.5%左右,排在之前的多是大家耳熟能详的互联网、金融和医药行业的巨头。由于体量过于巨大,为了避免对股指造成波动,标普指数委员正在考虑分两次将其纳入成分股。

在Pepperstone,您可以轻松交易包含特斯拉在内的众多主流美股CFD产品。

“卖炭翁”险与标普500擦肩而过

其实早在9月份特斯拉就已连续四个季度实现盈利,满足了所有纳入标普500的硬指标。只是如果细看当时的营收细节的话,就会发现特斯拉第二季度通过出售碳排放积分获得4.28亿美元,高于其当季净利润(1.04亿美元)和自由现金流(4.18亿美元)。预计在2020全年,特斯拉出售碳排放积分将获得超过10亿美元的收入,2019年为5.93亿,而2018年为4.19亿美元。

也就是说,如果去除碳排放这项营收,特斯拉的主营业务其实还处于亏损状态。随着其他车企在新能源车领域投入的逐渐加码,通过出售碳排放获得的收入势必将逐渐萎缩。盈利缺乏可持续性或许是让委员会在9月份有所顾虑的地方。

然而特斯拉三季度营收和净利润继续大幅增长,出售碳排放的收入(3.97亿美元)比重有所降低。汽车销售的净利润环比增长60%,同比增长72%。当季产量刷新历史新高。终于凭借连续5个季度的盈利跻身标普500成分股的行列。

空头的倔强

特斯拉一直受到空头的“特殊照顾”,长期霸占美股做空榜单的头把交椅。除了上述的盈利稳定性之外,还有其产量和市值的巨大反差。特斯拉市值几乎是丰田、大众、通用、戴姆勒、宝马和福特之和,但其产量每年不到50万辆,传统车企则约4000万辆。

也有投资者认为,随着传统车企进入新能源车领域,特斯拉的先发优势将被逐步侵蚀,薄利多销的模式将不利于公司的盈利能力。另外,当加入标普500的靴子落地之后,“买预期卖事实”的情绪或许将使多头全面性撤退。从日线图上看,414至433的这跳空缺口是空头必须首先补上的区域。

多头的期待

然而,现实的情况可能又要令空头失望了。随着业绩转好,完成拆股、以及疫情期间的股价飙升,特斯拉的空头头寸占流通股的比例从2019年的5月的33%下降至目前的6.3%。

特斯拉的做空比例 来源:Bloomberg

从传统的估值角度来看,特斯拉市盈率爆炸,存在一定程度的泡沫。但特斯拉并不是一只传统的股票,你甚至不能将它归为纯车企。从创立之初到现在,它被赋予了太多的想象空间,代表着科技进步和未来生活的新形态。在成为标普500成分股之后,预计各路指数型基金将增持千亿美元的特斯拉流通股。马斯克的身价和特斯拉的市值或将继续在各自的榜单上向上攀升。

在疫情期间,特斯拉踩准了市场机遇,完美地赶上了中国新能车市场高速发展的巨大红利。中国已经成为了特斯拉除了美国之外最大的市场。今年第二季度,特斯拉在中国的销量占其全球销量的三成,过去5年在中国的销量翻了30倍。另外,通过零组件的本土化生产,甚至建立起了一个完整的“特斯拉产业链”,这为未来的“完美风暴”做好了充足的铺垫。


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