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Analysis

CNH
CN50

人民币的三年新高与A股的飙升

Jerry Chen
Jerry Chen
Research Strategist
26 May 2021
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大宗商品价格的回落,人民币创三年新高,以及中国股市大涨,这三者之间存在着怎么样的内在关联?

这首先要从5月中旬全球大宗商品价格的飙升说起。由于供应暂时无法跟上经济复苏所带来的需求,再加上金融市场的跟风炒作,原材料、有色金属以及农产品的价格纷纷大幅飙升。其中铁矿石和铜价刷新历史新高,分别突破每吨200美元和10000美元。追踪23种原材料价格走势的彭博商品现货指数升至9年高点。

过快上涨的价格令中国的进口商承受了相当大的压力,蚕食着其利润空间。PPI的快速上涨(4月PPI同比上涨6.8%)甚至有引发输入型的通胀的风险,这对于寻求经济稳步复苏的中国来说是无法接受的,因此监管层近来连续发出警告以压制大宗商品的价格上涨。发改委表示对炒作和囤积“零容忍”,期货交易所更新了交易规则对投机行为进行降温。虽然还没有出台一些硬性的指标,但市场价格已经有明显回落。大连铁矿石期货价格较峰值下降了近20%。

商品价格的回落也产生了外溢效应,美国10年和5年期的预期通胀率双双大幅下滑。但是如果中国PPI进一步上涨,将会拉动美国的通胀率,两者之间存在非常强的正相关性。

但是,此轮商品价格的暴涨根源还在于国际市场的需求和炒作,国内的政策无法有效缓解外部因素。于是“人民币升值对抗输入型通胀”的观点孕育而生。尽管金融委和央行接连喊话要维持人民币的基本稳定和双向波动,但离岸人民币兑美元还是升破了6.40关口,创下2018年6月以来的最高水平。

尽管央行努力维持6.40的心理关口并且可能已经在此价位买入美元进行了干预,但美债收益率的下跌以及美元的破位让资金持续流向能提供更高回报率的地方,中国稳健的基本面和复苏前景正是理想的目的地。

当美国还在持续投入流动性的时候,中国的货币政策和信贷环境已经在逐渐转向,这为人民币提供了坚实的支撑。4月初以来,离岸人民币累计上涨近3%。

USDCNH

在人民币大涨的同时,A股昨天同样表现出色。上证指数上涨2.40%,沪深300指数收高3.16%。北向资金净流入217.23亿元创历史新高,两市成交额破万亿大关创近3个月新高。香港恒生指数上涨1.75%,为两个月来最好表现。追踪中国A50指数的CN50昨天更是飙升近5%,一举突破了前期的震荡区间。

CN50

对于外资来说,买入人民币资产既可以获取货币升值收益,又能享受股市增长的红利。在欧美国家央行暂时维持宽松环境不变的情况下,这一趋势有望得以延续。



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