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Analysis

EUR

为什么欧元将跌向1.16?

Jerry Chen
Jerry Chen
Research Strategist
15 Oct 2020
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欧元在9月创下近两年多来的新高1.20之后开启了持续数周的震荡回调。

受到疫苗研发受挫,美国财政刺激方案难产,以及英国脱欧等诸多不确定因素的影响,市场的风险情绪近来有所消退,欧元则受到拖累。在目前的市场环境中欧元具备继续下探9月低点1.16的理由。

疫情和经济

上周欧洲新增新冠病例逾70万例,较前一周激增34%。法国、意大利、德国等国家的单日新增病例数不断创下疫情爆发以来的新高或长时间维持在高位。为了阻止疫情的恶化,欧洲各国正在不断升高各自的防疫措施,法国昨天宣布将在巴黎等主要城市实施宵禁。

法国、意大利和德国的7日平均新增新冠病例      来源:ourworldindata.org

疫情在欧洲的二次爆发很容易让人回想起半年前笼罩着欧洲大陆的阴霾。作为参考,在疫情爆发初期的3月份,欧元在两周时间内从接近1.15的水平暴跌至1.06。

尽管全面封锁暂时不在考虑范围内,但不同规模的封城对经济和汇价的影响也将是显而易见的。本周出炉的德国ZEW经济景气指数跌至5月以来新低,欧元区8月工业生产数据大幅放缓。欧元区GDP二季度环比萎缩11.9%,下半年的持续衰退难以避免。

欧洲央行的应对

欧洲央行行长拉加德表示如果经济进一步下滑,央行将“动用所有有效的的工具来帮助经济复苏”。市场普遍预计欧洲央行将在12月的会议上采取行动。可能的选项包括增加资产购买规模(PEPP),以及扩大定向长期融资操作(TLTROs)。

降息同样是一个选项,但鉴于欧元区长时间处于负利率区间但效果却差强人意(低通胀、银行业盈利受损等),因此这并不是一个“有效”的选项。但无论如何,更宽松的货币政策或是对宽松政策的预期将利空欧元的走势。

欧元区悲观的经济前景以对欧洲央行在年底之前将扩大PEPP的预期,使投资者提前加仓德国国债,导致德国和美国的10年期国债利差已经走扩至3月以来的最高水平(131个pips)。随着两国利差进一步走扩,欧元恐难有起色。

德国和美国10年期国债利差      来源:Investing.com

另一个对欧元汇率不利的因素来自于欧洲央行对欧元升值的态度。当欧元9月在1.20高位徘徊时欧洲央行就表示出一定程度的担忧,认为过高的汇率将对经济复苏和通胀带来不利影响。虽然目前暂时没有这种烦恼,但也意味着欧元未来的走强将随时受到央行的关注甚至是干预。

外部不确定性因素

除了欧元区内部的一些负面因素,欧元还面临着两大外部风险事件。

首先是美国的政治因素。尽管拜登的大选民调领先优势不断稳固,但对于大选结果延迟甚至出现争议混乱的担忧使得避险情绪有一触即发的可能。特朗普的性格也绝对不会“轻言失败”,若拜登胜选,能否实现权力的和平交接成为一个问号。

与此同时,美国的财政刺激方案在大选前出炉的希望渺茫,而疫苗的研发又遭遇挫折,多重不确定性可能会使资本流出包括欧元在内风险货币,而涌入美元避险。

另外一个风险事件是英国脱欧。英国首相约翰逊设定的10月15日脱欧谈判截止日期就在今天,但我们依然没有看到积极的进展。因此15-16日举行的欧盟峰会不得不为过渡期结束后“无协议脱欧”做好准备。

尽管英国多次强硬表示无论能否达成协议都将按计划完成脱欧,但考虑到双方都无法承受无协议脱欧的代价,最终达成协议或部分妥协的可能性还是相当高的。因此这一不确定性对欧元的影响相对有限。

技术图形

无论是从上述基本面还是技术图形的角度来看,欧元阻力最小的路径方向依然是下行。

欧元在跌破始于9月底的上升通道后,或将在5天EMA线(黑色)和下降趋势线的共同压制下继续承压,并在1.1700/20的关键区域寻找支撑。若下破,则进一步跌向100天均线(绿色)所在的1.16附近。如果疫苗或财政刺激方案有更积极的进展带动风险情绪回升,欧元上行方向的首要目标为10月高点1.1830,随后是1.1910。1.20或成为欧元中期内难以逾越的关口。


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