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Analysis

AUD

乘风破浪的澳元

Jerry Chen
Jerry Chen
Research Strategist
4 Aug 2020
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随着维多利亚州进入抗疫的第四阶段,澳洲的防疫以及经济复苏都遭遇了极大的挑战。

年初一度成为全球防疫模范生的澳大利亚以及疫情初期雷厉风行深受民众好评的维州政府,最终还是没能逃过第二波疫情的冲击。

维州每日新增病例数 来源:ABC news

从周日晚间起,墨尔本人经历了有史以来的首次宵禁,随之而来的还有更为严格的出行限制和更多商户被迫停业。而这样的措施将至少维持六周。目前,维州紧急状态(state of emergency)和灾难状态(state of disaster)并行,这是自今年一月澳大利亚山火以来维州第二次进入灾难状态。

澳元澳股韧劲十足

虽然占澳洲经济总产出近1/4的维州处境艰难,但此次危机似乎没有给澳元和澳股带来重创,至少目前是这样。

澳元兑美元上周五触及18个月高点0.7227后下回落,周一继续下探,但在20天EMA线和自4月以来的上升趋势线附近获得支撑。在昨日美盘时间,随着美股的走高,澳元收复部分失地,最终站稳0.71上方。

AUDUSD 日线图 来源:MT4

澳元近两日的下跌更多是源自于美元超卖之后的反弹,而非澳洲的内部因素。美元指数(USDX)在经过前期的急跌之后存在技术性修复的需求。今后一段时间,预计澳元将继续受到美元走势以及全球风险情绪的影响。

只要汇价继续保持在20天EMA线上方,则总体上涨趋势不变。从4月初至今,澳元收盘价从未跌破该均线。澳元兑美元的一周隐含波动率上升至10.5%,高于20天均值,暗示汇价本周或将在0.7012-0.7220这一区间波动。

此外,还有一股神秘的力量可能左右澳元在8月份的走势。彭博数据显示,过去15年的8月中,澳元有13次录得月线下跌,平均月跌幅为1.86%。 玄学的正确性还有待于时间来证明。

澳元历年单月涨跌幅 来源:Bloomberg

相对来讲,澳洲股市对于疫情冲击更为敏感。首当其冲的便是银行股,金融板块昨日下跌2.13%,四大银行股全线收跌,市场担心更长的封锁可能使企业延期还贷、坏账率升高甚至大面积破产。但从澳股期货来看,AUS200经历了周一开盘的短暂下跌后,在欧洲和美国时段一路走高。今天盘间继续回升并突破6000点大关。

澳洲联储如何出招

今天的利率决议符合市场预期。澳洲联储维持现金利率和3年期国债收益率目标在0.25%不变,再次重申了将尽一切可能支持经济、就业和个人收入。联储还表示将在周三通过二级市场购买公债以确保0.25%的收益率目标(上一次购债还要追溯到5月份)。另外,尽管维州疫情持续,但联储认为澳洲大部分地区正处于经济复苏的进程中,且经济衰退不及预期那么严重。预计今年GDP下滑6%,2021年增长5%,失业率在年底前达到10%。

尽管货币贬值一定程度上可以刺激经济成长,但考虑到中国经济的复苏以及澳洲出口(尤其是铁矿石)的回升,联储认为目前澳元的汇率符合基本面的情况,没有高估。由此看来,澳元回落的空间不大。结合美元中期的弱势前景,汇价有望继续乘风破浪冲击前高。

联储发表声明后,汇价短线拉升11个基点,国债价格上涨,三年期收益率回落至0.255%。

财政政策助力

相比货币政策,财政政策才是帮助经济度过难关的关键。与其大水漫灌推升各类资产价格,不如将救助款项精准发放至受影响的企业和个人。此前澳洲政府已经宣布延长了JobKeeper和JobSeeker。昨天联邦政府表示,将从本周三开始给维州需要自我隔离的企业员工提供1500澳元的补助。虽然新财年的预算赤字爆表,但在特殊时期,大规模的财政救助稳定经济才是当务之急。

另外值得关注的是新州。如果新州疫情稳定可控,那此次危机的波及范围应该仅限于维州,不会改变澳洲经济复苏的整体趋势。然而,如果一旦新州也面临某种程度的疫情加剧,那无论对于经济还是澳元和澳股来讲都将是沉重的打击。新洲和维州合计占澳洲GDP的比重超过50%。


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