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Analysis

US

“十月惊奇”如期而至

Jerry Chen
Jerry Chen
Research Strategist
6 Oct 2020
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特朗普以一个意料之外但又情理之中的方式拉开了“十月惊奇”的大幕。

所谓的“十月惊奇”,是指在历次美国大选前一个月往往会发生一些重大事件影响大选走势。如果说上周三极度混乱而又缺乏内涵的首场辩论,以及特朗普再度拒绝承诺和平交接还在人们预料之中的话,特朗普新冠确诊的消息加剧了大选的不确定性,给了市场沉重一击。美国股市上周五大幅下挫,有“恐慌指数”之称的VIX一度突破34,全球股市跟随下跌。

说是意料之外,是因为特朗普有着全世界最为优秀的医疗保障团队,而且大选前各种防护措施应该已经升到最高等级。但情理之中,则是因为特朗普作为非典型的美国总统,无视基本的防疫措施和专家幕僚的建议,以“一己之力”将白宫和美国民众拖入新冠的泥潭之中,最终自己也不幸“中招”。

有阴谋论者可能会认为特朗普在下一盘很大的棋,以新冠为由转移辩论后的舆论负面评价,并迫使拜登暂时无法以防疫不利为理由进行攻击,同时又逼迫民主党尽快妥协通过新一轮财政刺激方案。这是否是特朗普的选举策略我们不得而知。但股市已经为此做出了反应。

伴随着特朗普即将出院的消息,美国三大股指周一全线上扬。标普500升至3周高点。风险情绪回暖主要有两点原因。

大选不确定性降低

首先,特朗普在大选前夕的确诊以及糟糕的辩论策略使得拜登的民调领先幅度进一步扩大。大选的形势正逐渐明朗起来。

我们通过下图为您整理了预测模型、民调以及博彩公司等多方的数据,综合来看不仅拜登将最终以明显的优势登上总统宝座,民主党也将同时囊括众议院和参议院的多数席位,实现“蓝色浪潮”。因此市场先前所担心的选情胶着,或者大选结果存在争议的可能性正在逐步降低,这对风险资产(股市、商品货币等)来说无疑是利好。毕竟此前市场已经有了应对更糟糕结局(大选结果拖延数周、甚至是争议结果上诉到最高法院)的心理预期。

来源:Pepperstone Research

若“蓝色浪潮”真的袭来,股市会给出怎样的定价呢?很多投资者认为拜登的增加企业税率、恢复奥巴马医保,以及加强监管等政策将摧毁股市,也有人认为民主党更大规模的财政刺激力度将挽救美国的经济。我们在此前的文章中就提出过一个观点,即资本会流向具有相对增长前景的国家。

如果一国政府能够积极地推行刺激政策、减少贫富差距并加速经济复苏,那么该国货币和资产就将受到投资者青睐。而为了保证经济的增速,强大而高效的政府以及推进立法的效率是关键。因此,可能出现的“蓝色浪潮”短期来看是对美元和美股最为有利的局面。对白宫(行政)和国会(立法)的绝对掌控意味着任何财政刺激方案都会迅速获得通过并有效落实。

当然,如果是“红色浪潮”(概率较低)市场也将会有相似的反应,只是共和党所力推的刺激规模不及民主党,因此对美元的提振效果不及前者。而如果我们看到的依然是分裂的国会,那很难通过相关立法,经济或将长时间处于动荡状态。

下面的表格预测了不同的大选结果对各类资产造成的潜在影响,我们之后将根据选情进展不定期对此进行更新。

就美债实际利率来讲,所谓的“积极”就是名义利率和预期通胀率都在上升,只是上升的幅度不同决定了实际利率的涨跌。而“消极”则意味着名义利率和预期通胀率以不同的速度下跌。

来源:Pepperstone Research

逆境下倒逼财政刺激方案

第二点支撑股市风险情绪的原因在于,特朗普的确诊以及9月份疲弱的非农报告使民主党可能在新一轮财政刺激方案上做出妥协,国会有望加速谈判的进程。

上周五出炉的非农就业报告显示,尽管9月失业率下降至7.9%为疫情爆发以来的新低,但劳动参与率下降至61.4%。9月仅新增66万非农就业人口(下图),不到前值的一半,其增幅连续第三个月录得下滑,且为4月以来首次跌至100万人下方。这些表明人们正在放弃寻找工作而转向长期失业。在缺乏财政刺激的情况下,很多企业不得不开始裁员或申请破产。

经济的现实状况以及特朗普的不断推特施压下,民主党可能最终会同意某种形式的妥协。上周四民主党在众议院通过了一项2.2万亿美元的救助方案,而白宫则提出了1.6万亿美元的方案。尽管双方在一些政策上找到了共同点,但失业补助(民主党提出600美元/周,而白宫则为400美元/周)和对州和市政府的救济(民主党提出超过4000亿美元的计划,白宫提出2500亿美元)上仍存在巨大分歧。

在风险情绪的带动下,小盘股近来走势强劲。长端收益率大幅上涨,更为陡峭的美债收益率曲线帮助罗素2000指数(US2000)实现三连阳,目前已经接近8月的阻力区域,RSI指标温和上涨。在股指跌破5天EMA线之前维持看涨观点。



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