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Analysis

CNH
CN50

人民幣的三年新高與A股的飆升

Jerry Chen
Jerry Chen
Research Strategist
26 May 2021
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大宗商品價格的回落,離岸人民幣創三年新高,以及中國股市大漲,這三者之間存在著怎麽樣的內在關聯?

這首先要從5月中旬全球大宗商品價格的飆升說起。由於供應暫時無法跟上經濟復蘇所帶來的需求,再加上金融市場的跟風炒作,原材料、有色金屬以及農產品的價格紛紛大幅飆升。其中鐵礦石和銅價刷新歷史新高,分別突破每噸200美元和10000美元。追蹤23種原材料價格走勢的彭博商品現貨指數升至9年高點。

過快上漲的價格令中國的進口商承受了相當大的壓力,蠶食著其利潤空間。PPI的快速上漲(4月PPI同比上漲6.8%)甚至有引發輸入型的通脹的風險,這對於尋求經濟穩步復蘇的中國來說是無法接受的,因此監管層近來連續發出警告以壓制大宗商品的價格上漲。發改委表示對炒作和囤積“零容忍”,期貨交易所更新了交易規則對投機行為進行降溫。雖然還沒有出臺一些硬性的指標,但市場價格已經有明顯回落。大連鐵礦石期貨價格較峰值下降了近20%。

商品價格的回落也產生了外溢效應,美國10年和5年期的預期通脹率雙雙大幅下滑。但是如果中國PPI進一步上漲,將會拉動美國的通脹率,兩者之間存在非常強的正相關性。

但是,此輪商品價格的暴漲根源還在於國際市場的需求和炒作,國內的政策無法有效緩解外部因素。於是“人民幣升值對抗輸入型通脹”的觀點孕育而生。盡管金融委和央行接連喊話要維持人民幣的基本穩定和雙向波動,但離岸人民幣兌美元還是升破了6.40關口,創下2018年6月以來的最高水平。

盡管央行努力維持6.40的心理關口並且可能已經在此價位買入美元進行了幹預,但美債收益率的下跌以及美元的破位讓資金持續流向能提供更高回報率的地方,中國穩健的基本面和復蘇前景正是理想的目的地。

當美國還在持續投入流動性的時候,中國的貨幣政策和信貸環境已經在逐漸轉向,這為人民幣提供了堅實的支撐。4月初以來,離岸人民幣累計上漲近3%。

USDCNH

在人民幣大漲的同時,A股昨天同樣表現出色。上證指數上漲2.40%,滬深300指數收高3.16%。北向資金凈流入217.23億元創歷史新高,兩市成交額破萬億大關創近3個月新高。香港恒生指數上漲1.75%,為兩個月來最好表現。追蹤中國A50指數的CN50昨天更是飆升近5%,一舉突破了前期的震蕩區間。

CN50

對於外資來說,買入人民幣資產既可以獲取貨幣升值收益,又能享受股市增長的紅利。在歐美國家央行暫時維持寬松環境不變的情況下,這一趨勢有望得以延續。



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