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7月CPI同比增速從9.1%降至8.5%,環比從1.3%降至0%;核心CPI同比從6.1%降至5.9%,環比從0.7%降至0.3%。
數據顯示通脹開始退燒,令市場稍稍松了口氣,但一個月的數據並不能形成趨勢。其實仔細觀察可以發現,能源價格在7月環比下跌4.6%(其中汽油-7.7%),以一己之力抵消了食品、住房成本、醫療、新車等價格的延續上漲。整體通脹是否能朝著美聯儲2%的目標持續邁進還存在很大的不確定性,尤其是考慮到勞動力市場仍然非常強勁且工資增速維持在5%以上。
從利率市場的反映來看,對於未來的通脹和加息前景還是比較謹慎的。9月加息75個基點的概率還在40%以上,明年3月的終端利率峰值仍舊在3.6%以上,同時明年50個基點的降息預期也沒有改變。各期限的美債收益率(尤其是短端的2年期)的跌幅並不明顯。
不過股市和匯市的參與者顯然有不同的看法。
美國三大股指昨天強勢上漲,納斯達克100指數更是突破了關鍵趨勢線的壓製,從6月低點累計反彈了20%進入了技術性牛市。科技股對通脹和加息預期的變化是最為敏感的。
美元指數遭遇重挫,跌破50天均線後來到通道下軌,顯示出外匯交易員押註通脹見頂且FED放緩加息步伐。指數若跌穿該支撐恐將大幅下行。在美元疲弱的情況下,非美貨幣乘勝追擊。其中紐元、澳元漲幅接近2%,歐元和英鎊的漲幅在1%左右。
美元指數(USDX)
黃金昨天短暫觸及1807(6-7月跌勢的61.8%回檔位)後收盤跌至1792,今天盤中延續回落,這顯示出市場對通脹前景還沒有形成一致預期。短線跌宕起伏的走勢過後,市場可能需要時間來消化通脹數據的影響並確立新的方向。
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