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Analysis

US500
Gold
USD

美联储祭出货币政策新框架 看鲍威尔如何“翻云覆雨”

Jerry Chen
Jerry Chen
Research Strategist
28 Aug 2020
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在昨天杰克逊霍尔全球央行年会上,美联储主席鲍威尔表示将调整在就业最大化和稳定物价这两大目标上的策略,标志着政策利率框架迎来了重大改革。

鲍威尔如市场广泛预期那样引入了2%的平均通胀目标,即允许通胀水平一段时间内高于2%运行,以“抵消”此前长时间不足2%的影响。这意味着美联储将在更长时间内维持零利率政策,以刺激美国经济增长。自2012年正式将通胀目标设定为2%以来,美联储偏爱的通胀指标一直未能达到该水平。

另外,美联储承诺确保就业不会低于最高水平,并认为“在不引发通胀爆发的情况下,就业市场可以保持强劲”。通过此次政策框架的调整,美联储显然已经将重心从控制通胀转向了就业率。

市场坐上过山车

平均通胀目标这一“靴子落地”之后,债市受到“买预期卖事实”的驱动,10年期和30年期债券遭到抛售,导致预期通胀率的涨幅不及名义收益率涨幅,因此实际利率走高。

我们看到了美元指数(USDX)在鲍威尔讲话之后的先抑后扬深V反转,最终收高于93关口上方。若想要形成趋势性的反转,我们需要看到美元指数突破前高93.90和下降趋势线的压制。但强势美元与美联储推高通胀率的目标背道而驰,因此美元的前景依旧不容乐观。

通胀率的升高离不开低利率、弱势美元和强劲的大宗商品走势,而这些因素都有望在将来进一步推高商品货币。从昨天的盘面来看,澳元、纽元、加元全线上涨。其中澳元已经突破了近来运行区间的上沿,若能击穿去年1月高点0.7295,将打开更大的上行空间。

鲍威尔讲话之后,黄金一度大涨至1976美元,触及三角形形态上沿,但随着实际利率的走高,金价承压回落至1928.95,收于23.6%回档线附近,全天波动近70美元。中美紧张局势限制了金价的跌幅。

长期来看,前期助推黄金的基本面因素仍旧有效(全球量化宽松、疫情和经济复苏的不确定性、地缘政治风险、美国大选等)。如果美联储能够在长期压低名义利率的同时成功拉高预期通胀率,黄金在结束这波调整之后依旧具备上涨空间并再次冲击2000美元。

美股方面,名义利率的回升和收益率曲线的陡峭利好于金融、地产股,由此带动标普500指数连续第五日创下新高。但纳斯达克股则随着实际利率的走高而暂缓了近来连续上涨势头。指数CFD方面,MT4上的US500将毫无疑问的连续第五周录得周线上涨。趋势线延伸至的3530附近是多头的下一个目标。


更多悬念留待9月

尽管美联储更新了就业和通胀这两大货币政策目标,但并没有给出具体的失业率指标,也没有提及将在多长时间内维持2%的通胀率或者允许通胀上升到多高。要想获得更具体的线索,我们可能需要等到9月18日FOMC会议了。这将是大选前最后一次政策会议,也是我们上周所提到的近期三个关键事项中的最后一项议程(前两项分别为上周的美联储会议纪要以及昨天的杰克逊霍尔央行年会)。目前市场预计9月份会议上美联储可能调整前瞻指引以及资产购买计划。


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