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Analysis

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美聯儲會議前瞻——美元能否涅槃重生

Jerry Chen
Jerry Chen
Research Strategist
15 June 2021
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G7峰會的順利舉辦以及政治領袖們所發表的共同宣言似乎向在世界傳遞一個明確的信號——新冠疫情最糟糕的時刻已經過去。

經濟數據支撐著這一觀點。主要經濟體的通脹、就業、PMI等關鍵數據紛紛創下了疫情以來的新高。靚麗數據的背後則是全球疫苗接種率的快速升高以及經濟活動的正常化。

如果一切能重回正軌,美元能否同樣一掃新冠陰霾重獲新生呢?本周四淩晨02:00(北京時間)的美聯儲政策聲明以及02:30的新聞發布會或許。

會議前瞻

市場主要聚焦在美聯儲對縮表和通脹的立場以及點陣圖的加息路徑等方面。

盡管美國的CPI以及PCE等通脹指標都升至多年新高,遠超美聯儲設定的2%的目標,但鮑威爾還是認定這只是“暫時性現象”,再加上非農數據連續兩個不及預期,就業人口相比去年2月仍然少了700多萬,離經濟的“實質性進展”還有一段距離。因此本次會議上很難立即宣布縮減購債,但有關未來縮表的時間進度才是投資者真正期待的焦點。新聞發布會上鮑威爾對近期飆升的通脹的最新立場同樣是市場關註的焦點,他或許會借此機會來進一步量化“平均2%通脹”的這一概念。

另外,有分析預期點陣圖上最早的加息時間點可能從原先的2024年提前至2023年。這符合目前美國經濟復蘇的進展和全球其他各央行的前瞻預測。中期的經濟預測也有機會得以上修。

盡管總體貨幣政策方面大概率保持不變,但由於隔夜逆回購連續創下5000億美元以上的峰值,美聯儲可能做出相應的技術性調整,比如上調超額存款準備金率或者隔夜逆回購利率。若果真如此,這將成為貨幣政策調整的先兆。

“無處安放”的流動性

從通脹和就業數據的角度來看,美聯儲可能會繼續保持觀望。但市場中過剩的流動性則意味著當前每月1200億美元的量化寬松的必要性和有效性已經大大降低。物極必反,收緊貨幣政策或許只是時間早晚的問題。

一邊是美聯儲(QE)和財政部(財政刺激計劃)持續向市場投放巨額流動性,一邊是通過逆回購工具來回收流動性。對於這看似矛盾的現象,有分析認為美聯儲最快將在第三季度給出縮減購債的信號並在明年正式啟動縮表。也就是說,政策拐點離我們已經越來越近了,這對低位徘徊的美元指數是一個潛在的利好。

美元反彈的信號?

出色的通脹數據上周不但沒有提振美債收益率,10年期收益率反而跌穿了1.5%。從1962年以來,當核心CPI達到或高於3.8%的時候,最低收益率為5.6%,而如今的1.45%則大幅拉低了這一水平。從日線圖上看,收益率反彈修正的空間應該大於繼續下跌。

另一個暗示美元流動性接近峰值的信號是歐元美元的交叉貨幣互換基差。基差反映的是美元的融入方需要支付的溢價或者折價。如果美元相比歐元更搶手,則基差為負,代表融入美元需要付出更多的成本。目前基差仍為負但正在逼近零值。上一次該數據接近或達到零值上方時(2014年),美聯儲隨即開啟了縮表進程逐步退出QE。

技術分析

周線圖上,美元指數(USDX)正交投在長達10年的上升通道的下軌附近,20周均線趨於平緩。

而日線圖上則已經暫時擺脫了89.60附近的底部區域,技術指標中性區域運行。指數或許已經進入底部區域的盤整。若再次跌破89.60一線,年內低點89.13將成為下一個重要支撐。

但從宏觀環境和技術面來看,進一步大跌的可能性不大。相反,未來美聯儲釋放出的任何鷹派信號都有望幫助美元涅槃重生。若美元反轉,不可避免地將波及黃金、美股和非美貨幣的未來走勢。



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