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Analysis

USD
Gold

黄金美元为何神同步?

Jerry Chen
Jerry Chen
Research Strategist
1 Dec 2020
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众所周知,黄金和美元长期以来存在着明显的反向关系,即美元涨(跌),黄金跌(涨)。

一来是因为全球大部分的黄金交易都是以美元计价的,二来则是由于两者是可以相互替代的投资标的。

但11月以来,黄金和美元出现了同步下跌的罕见场面。下图显示,在美元(紫色)和美债实际利率(白色)双双下跌的同时,黄金(橙色)却同步下挫。

白色:美国10年期实际利率 橙色:黄金 紫色:彭博美元指数

来源:Bloomberg

美元跌跌不休

美元指数(USDX)在跌破了9月创下的年内低点91.72之后,随即刷新了两年半来的新低91.40。疫苗的突破和美国总统权力交接的顺利进行打压了市场中的避险情绪。

美股在11月录得惊人涨幅也削弱了美元的吸引力。道琼斯指数月线上涨12%,为1987年以来的最大单月涨幅。而代表小盘股的罗素2000更是飙升创纪录的20%,两者分别刷新了历史新高。纳斯达克和标普500分别上涨超过10%,为4月以来最佳表现。

2021年的主旋律无疑是经济复苏。随着亚洲经济的快速复苏以及欧洲疫情的趋缓,资金或将继续流向欧洲以及新兴市场国家的货币。

另外,美联储可能在12月的货币政策会议上推出新的购债前瞻指引,以呼应9月份提出的利率政策指引(2%平均通胀目标)。市场普遍预期美联储会承诺,在疫情结束之前或者在达到相应条件之前不会放慢购债的脚步。增加债券组合的加权平均期限也是可能的选项之一,这将进一步压低长端收益率并平缓收益率曲线。

虽然提高QE规模和频率的急迫性不高,但美联储长期维持低利率环境的决心似乎不会轻易改变,尤其是在财政部叫停了多项紧急贷款计划之后。因此,美元走低是美联储货币政策结果的自然体现,同时也是实现其通胀目标的前提条件。

说到财政部,就不得不提到耶伦。这位前任美联储主席有望出任美国财政部231年历史上的首位女性部长。她呼吁增加政府开支以推动经济走出衰退。若提名能获得通过,将为明年的大规模财政刺激方案扫除重要障碍。当然,财政赤字的加剧或使美元进一步承压。

黄金美元脱钩

随着风险情绪的回升,投资者远离避险资产(美元和黄金)。黄金11月下挫5.5%,为2016年11月以来最大单月跌幅。即使那些寻求避险资产配置或投资组合多元化的投资者,也越来越倾向于比特币(昨天盘中刷新了历史新高)等加密货币,稀释了部分黄金的买盘。

尽管全球央行的持续量化宽松和各国政府的财政刺激令黄金长期看涨,但技术图形上显示金价短线面临考验。在跌穿多道关键支撑后(1848,1795等),均线形成死叉,RSI指标跌入超卖。若无法守住1765,恐将看低至1680一线。在金价重回200天均线(红色)1800前,空头仍将占据市场的主导权。

对于风险承受能力相对较高的投资者,若想在现阶段进场做多抢一波反弹,需要非常注意仓位的控制。尝试维持较小规模的仓位,耐心等待金价的回升或出现明确的反转信号后再逐渐加仓。

不过期权市场的数据可能会浇灭市场中所剩不多的热情。一周(橙色)和一个月(蓝色)期限的风险逆转指标(看涨波动率减去看跌波动率)都呈现下跌趋势,这意味着后市看空黄金的情绪已经达到了今年3月以来的最高水平,并且还在持续升高。

橙色:一周期黄金风险逆转指标 蓝色:一月期黄金风险逆转指标

来源:Bloomberg



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