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Analysis

USD

美联储会议前瞻——美元能否涅槃重生

Jerry Chen
Jerry Chen
Research Strategist
15 June 2021
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G7峰会的顺利举办以及政治领袖们所发表的共同宣言似乎向在世界传递一个明确的信号——新冠疫情最糟糕的时刻已经过去。

经济数据支撑着这一观点。主要经济体的通胀、就业、PMI等关键数据纷纷创下了疫情以来的新高。靓丽数据的背后则是全球疫苗接种率的快速升高以及经济活动的正常化。

如果一切能重回正轨,美元能否同样一扫新冠阴霾重获新生呢?本周四凌晨02:00(北京时间)的美联储政策声明以及02:30的新闻发布会或许。

会议前瞻

市场主要聚焦在美联储对缩表和通胀的立场以及点阵图的加息路径等方面。

尽管美国的CPI以及PCE等通胀指标都升至多年新高,远超美联储设定的2%的目标,但鲍威尔还是认定这只是“暂时性现象”,再加上非农数据连续两个不及预期,就业人口相比去年2月仍然少了700多万,离经济的“实质性进展”还有一段距离。因此本次会议上很难立即宣布缩减购债,但有关未来缩表的时间进度才是投资者真正期待的焦点。新闻发布会上鲍威尔对近期飙升的通胀的最新立场同样是市场关注的焦点,他或许会借此机会来进一步量化“平均2%通胀”的这一概念。

另外,有分析预期点阵图上最早的加息时间点可能从原先的2024年提前至2023年。这符合目前美国经济复苏的进展和全球其他各央行的前瞻预测。中期的经济预测也有机会得以上修。

尽管总体货币政策方面大概率保持不变,但由于隔夜逆回购连续创下5000亿美元以上的峰值,美联储可能做出相应的技术性调整,比如上调超额存款准备金率或者隔夜逆回购利率。若果真如此,这将成为货币政策调整的先兆。

“无处安放”的流动性

从通胀和就业数据的角度来看,美联储可能会继续保持观望。但市场中过剩的流动性则意味着当前每月1200亿美元的量化宽松的必要性和有效性已经大大降低。物极必反,收紧货币政策或许只是时间早晚的问题。

一边是美联储(QE)和财政部(财政刺激计划)持续向市场投放巨额流动性,一边是通过逆回购工具来回收流动性。对于这看似矛盾的现象,有分析认为美联储最快将在第三季度给出缩减购债的信号并在明年正式启动缩表。也就是说,政策拐点离我们已经越来越近了,这对低位徘徊的美元指数是一个潜在的利好。

美元反弹的信号?

出色的通胀数据上周不但没有提振美债收益率,10年期收益率反而跌穿了1.5%。从1962年以来,当核心CPI达到或高于3.8%的时候,最低收益率为5.6%,而如今的1.45%则大幅拉低了这一水平。从日线图上看,收益率反弹修正的空间应该大于继续下跌。

另一个暗示美元流动性接近峰值的信号是欧元美元的交叉货币互换基差。基差反映的是美元的融入方需要支付的溢价或者折价。如果美元相比欧元更抢手,则基差为负,代表融入美元需要付出更多的成本。目前基差仍为负但正在逼近零值。上一次该数据接近或达到零值上方时(2014年),美联储随即开启了缩表进程逐步退出QE。

技术分析

周线图上,美元指数(USDX)正交投在长达10年的上升通道的下轨附近,20周均线趋于平缓。

而日线图上则已经暂时摆脱了89.60附近的底部区域,技术指标中性区域运行。指数或许已经进入底部区域的盘整。若再次跌破89.60一线,年内低点89.13将成为下一个重要支撑。

但从宏观环境和技术面来看,进一步大跌的可能性不大。相反,未来美联储释放出的任何鹰派信号都有望帮助美元涅槃重生。若美元反转,不可避免地将波及黄金、美股和非美货币的未来走势。



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