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Analysis

US500

美股反弹?任重道远!

Jerry Chen
Jerry Chen
Research Strategist
22 June 2022
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在经历了疫情爆发以来最惨烈的单周行情之后,美股本周迎来了一个较为强劲的开局。

三大股指周二的涨幅均在2%以上,所有板块飘红,其中能源股和科技股领涨。在上周五期权到期之后,交易商用来进行对冲的空头头寸有所解除。

但是,如果认为反弹就此一触即发,那也过于乐观了。我们可以从以下几个角度来进行衡量。

首先是经济前景。通胀和加息压力之下,“经济衰退”的话题近来被炒作的沸沸扬扬。然而这并不是危言耸听,各种先行指标都亮起了红灯。比如在企业端,订单数量减少,加速去库存,裁员力度加大、CFO调查对未来表达悲观预期。在消费者层面,信心降至历史新低、储蓄率和物价的相反走势将对消费形成进一步压制。房地产市场中,贷款申请、新屋开工和成屋销售等数据连续数月下滑。就连美联储自己的模型都预测有30%左右的概率遭遇经济衰退。

在不景气的宏观环境下,股市估值目前仍然偏高,或许还没有完全计价衰退的因素。历次衰退周期中,标普500的EPS下降幅度的中位数为15%,从这个角度来看,企业的盈利预期恐怕还将遭遇下修。

同样以史为鉴,1946年以来,标普500遭遇的所有熊市的平均跌幅为32%左右,峰值到谷底耗时300多天。而现在较峰值只过了100多天且仅下跌了21%。如果股市的熊市和经济衰退周期相重叠,则将需要更长时间来走出底部,在这期间的熊市反弹并不意外。比如下图显示,在00-02年和07-09年的熊市中,就多次出现10%—20%的反弹力度。

如果从更近的周期来做比较,在5月加息50个基点之后,标普500一度出现了近9%的下挫,而在本次75个基点加息之后却相对比较平静。或许已经是提前计价了,但考虑到未来还有更多75bp的加息可能,我们依然需要保持谨慎。近期金融状况收紧,高收益率债券的信用利差持续走阔,也令人担忧股市反弹的持久力。

今明两天需要关注鲍威尔在国会听证会的情况,他的一言一行都足以影响市场情绪。若继续坚定的“无条件”抗击通胀,短期的乐观情绪可能很快就烟消云散。



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