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Analysis

US500
US2000

美股开始回调了?

Jerry Chen
Jerry Chen
Research Strategist
21 Apr 2021
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美国三大股指在历史高位附近连续两天回落,投资者对于全球疫情重燃的担忧暂时盖过了美债收益率下降形成的利好。

美股在4月初连续刷新新高,这背后存在着诸多驱动因素。

美国疫苗接种率以及拜登的1.9万亿美元财政方案(1400美元支票)的刺激下,近期出炉的美国3月经济数据格外亮眼,成为股市新高的催化剂。

尽管数据描绘了美好的经济前景,美联储还是反复表达了“长时间维持低利率”的承诺和决心,而投资者似乎也接受了美联储的说辞,10年期收益率从此前一年多高位1.77%持续回落至1.60%下方。无风险利率的走低往往能提振股票的估值。

另外,华尔街大型银行上周的财报数据喜人,为一季度财报季开了个好头。其中摩根大通、花旗和高盛更是公布了创纪录的盈利水平。已经公布财报的标准普尔500的成份股中,有90%的公司的业绩平均超出预期20%以上。市场普遍预期标普500成分股一季度净利润将超过20%。

财报季将在下周迎来高峰,将近一半的上市公司都将下周公布业绩,其中就包括了众多科技股巨头,如苹果、谷歌、Facebook、微软、亚马逊、特斯拉等。相比业绩数据,企业好于预期的前瞻指引似乎更容易引起投资者的积极反馈。

当然,我们也不能忽视去年推动股市上涨的最大功臣—流动性。泛滥的流动性不仅撑起了美联储近7.8万亿美元的资产负债表,更是压低了股市波动率。目前各期限的VIX数值和3月初的相比已经有了大幅的回落,暗示市场的波动率和“恐慌”情绪显著降温,这也扫除了资金入市的后顾之忧。

股市是否过热?

众多数据模型都显示出了当前异常高涨的风险情绪。

标普500成分股中,目前有超过96%的公司股价超过其200天均线,该比例为历史新高。

美国银行的调查显示,个人投资者持有现金仓位的比例已经跌至11.4%,为一年新低。与此同时股票仓位升至64%,为数十年来新高。

美国个人投资者协会(AAII)公布的看涨和看跌的情绪指标之差达到近三年新高,且超过均值上方一个标准差。

从估值角度来看,截至4月16日,标普500预测市盈率为23.7倍,历史市盈率为32.7倍,两者都远高于1990年以来的3/4分位数。席勒市盈率(使用过去10年经通胀调整后的平均收益进行计算)超过37,是历史均值的两倍多。

当市场中的乐观情绪达到峰值时,可能也正是股市回调的开始。

疫情的反复是最难以预测的不确定性因素。1400美元支票的短期刺激过后,经济数据是否能持续亮眼还是已经完成了“峰值数据”,这需要时间的检验。

以标普500指数(US500)为例,指数在上周五再次高出200天均线16%左右,此前达到类似程度的时候,股指在9月、1月和2月都有一波5%-10%的回撤。目前下方的初步支撑在趋势线所在的4100附近。若以10%的跌幅计算,可以关注3772一线。

道琼斯和纳斯达克也都在不同程度上面临着超买和高位回调的压力。而追踪小盘股的罗素2000指数(US2000)从2月就开启了高位震荡,顶背离的RSI指标或许会拖累指数测试下方的100天均线,从构建出头肩顶的形态。

当然,短期之内疫情和基本面的变化可能会引发股市适度的回撤和修正,但美国疫情的和缓和经济的复苏应该只是时间的问题,拜登更大规模的刺激方案也正在路上,因此暂时并不改变我们对美股的长期看涨的判断。



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