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Analysis

USD
CNH

当弱势美元遇上强势人民币

Jerry Chen
Jerry Chen
Research Strategist
22 Oct 2020
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离岸人民币兑美元(CNH)周三收于两年高点6.6272, 而美元指数(USDX)四连跌后来到7周低点92.59。

美国大选不确定性的降低以及财政刺激谈判的进展使市场避险情绪有所降温,10年期美债收益率自6月以来首次突破0.8%。而美元兑大部分主要货币昨日都录得跌幅,其中英镑领涨,黄金冲高至1924。

近几个月来投资者逐步抛售较长期限的美债,使得各期限收益率有所上涨的同时,长端收益率上涨幅度大于短端,因此我们看到了收益率曲线的陡峭化(下图中蓝色为当前的收益率曲线,橙色、绿色和黑色分别代表7-9月的曲线)。陡峭的曲线所带来的直接影响就是成长性科技股风光不再。如果维持目前的势头,我们可以期待在2021年看到价值股的回归。

来源:GuruFocus.com

在美元指数从疫情期间的高点一路走低的同时,离岸人民币(CNH)从今年5月底以来就开启了单边上涨模式,幅度高达5700个点。

我们在之前的分析文章中已经详细阐述了这波涨幅背后的多重驱动因素,即美元贬值、中国经济复苏、中美利差引发的人民币资产配置需求,以及人民币国际化带来的增量资金等。即使是两周前中国央行出手降低远期结售汇风险准备金也没能有效抑制人民币的上涨势头。

考虑到中国和美国的10年期国债利差高达239个点,接近记录高位,因此人民币依然有上涨的空间。而在美联储长期维持宽松和低利率的政策背景下,尤其考虑到如果拜登胜选(可能性越来越高)之后可能推出的高达3万亿美元的财政刺激方案,美元中长期则可能保持弱势格局。

如果我们将弱势的美元和快速升值的人民币相结合, 或许会有意外的惊喜。试想这个画面:弱势美元和大规模刺激拉动美国的消费和通胀,强势人民币提升了中国的购买力从而刺激进口带动全球贸易复苏,再加之工业金属(如近期的铜价)的价格回暖和疫苗的问世(希望如此),2021年的全球经济或将迎来周期性的反弹。

画面很美,但现实中有太多未知。如过高的人民币汇率将会影响中国的出口行业和经常项目平衡,中国央行对汇率升值的容忍度有多高。虽然央行不会再像以前那样直接干预汇市,但通过中间价或者窗口指导等方式还是能释放政策预期并起到“调控”作用的。不过在央行再次出手之前,升值预期将继续推升人民币汇率(更低的USDCNH)。当汇价反弹至5天EMA线附近或许是不错的入场机会。



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