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Analysis

US500

当”美联储看跌期权”遇上经济数据强势反弹

Jerry Chen
Jerry Chen
Research Strategist
17 June 2020
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美股在经历了上周短暂的回调之后,本周初重拾升势。

标普500在多重利好消息的刺激下,触及了上升通道下沿后开启强劲反弹。站稳200天均线之后,昨日又突破了5天EMA线。周期型和成长型股票的势头更胜,现货和期货市场的成交量也非常可观。VIX的回落给多头带来了更多信心。

目前指数交投在枢轴点3123附近,技术指标在积极区域内看涨。日内运行区间可以参考3077至3167(周二高点)

标普500(US500)日线图 来源:MT4

本周市场最先迎来的是美联储两则“旧”闻。首先是美联储将通过二级市场企业信贷工具(SMCCF)将购债范围扩大至单个公司债券。其次,主街贷款计划(Main Street Lending Program)已开始接受有兴趣参与的银行注册。虽然两项工具早在3月就已经宣布,但美联储的最新表态再次向市场展现了其“动用一切工具刺激经济”的决心。

昨天亚洲时段,“特朗普政府正在考虑一项1万亿美元的基建计划”的新闻再次提振了市场人气,美股盘中呈现单边上涨势头。随后的有关新冠治疗药物的进展消息以及美国5月份强劲的零售销售数据再次拉抬股市至日内高点,直到鲍威尔谨慎的听证会发言后才稍有缓和。

美联储看跌期权

美联储政策托底的决心和能力我们无需置疑。现有的政策工具还尚未分启动,一旦市场环境恶化,美联储可以随时加码,并且这些刺激计划都拥有美国财政部的背书。另外,美联储后续还有其他大招可以使用,如再次扩大购债规模或者采取收等益率曲线控制等。

正是因为有了”美联储看跌期权“(美股大幅下跌后,美联储通过跨送货币政策确保美股不会“深跌”,帮助投资者免受或减少损失)的保障,市场才能从3月低点实现快速反弹。从CBOE的看跌/看涨期权比(put/call ratio)可以发现,该比率直线下滑,目前正处于相对的历史低点0.77,意味着当前市场中看涨氛围浓厚,且多头并没有强烈的对冲意愿。

标普500看跌/看涨期权比 来源:macromicro.me

经济数据终于赶上了,然而...

昨天的5月份零售销售数据值得重点关注。环比增长17.7%,录得历史最大涨幅,两倍于预期的8.4%,前值-14.7%。零售数据的大幅反弹,呼应了非农就业的意外增长,再结合其他高频数据(如不断下降的每周初请失业金人数),反映了自5月份各州逐步重启经济以来不断改善的经济基本面。更重要的是,第二季度GDP的衰退幅度可能不会有预期的那么严重。

实际上,如果我们观察更广泛的美国经济数据,花旗经济意外指数已经创下了历史新高。当经济数据好于预期的时候,该指数走高,反之亦然。经过几个月的挣扎,经济数据终于开始从底部回升,逐步吻合了股市先前所预期的经济复苏(虽然前路漫漫)。

花旗经济意外指数 来源:Bloomberg

但是,股市反映的终究是对未来的预期。当数据好转已经成为现实,接下去一段时间又有什么因素能驱动股市继续上涨呢?我们似乎更应该将目光从美联储的流动性转向美国企业的盈利水平和潜在的偿债危机,这些因素自反弹以来就被市场所忽略。

由于“美联储看跌期权”的存在,美股大幅下跌的概率很小。但要想看到股市持续上涨甚至是再次挑战历史高位,仅仅是经济数据的反弹是远远不够的。只有当企业盈利水平修复并且消化当前过高的估值时,股市才有可能获得进一步上涨的动力。

当然,一切的前提都是疫情。



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