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Analysis

Gold

黄金怒刷新高 美联储酝酿大招

Jerry Chen
Jerry Chen
Research Strategist
28 July 2020
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在历经9年的等待之后,黄金不负众望于本周一创下了历史新高1944美元。周二早盘再接再厉刷新记录高位至1981。

在连续7天大幅收涨之后,黄金今年已经累计上涨近28%,并且2020年的所有月线都走出新高。

XAUUSD 月线图 来源:MT4

很多投资者都了解美债实际利率与黄金的负相关性。的确,自疫情爆发以来,在负值区域不断下滑的实际利率反映了市场对经济前景的担忧和预期通胀率的抬头,因此增加了黄金的吸引力并推升了金价。然而下图却显示出,从7月23日以来5年期实际利率(白)和金价(黄)呈现了同步走势。显然这段时间内实际利率无法解释黄金的暴力拉升。

来源:Bloomberg

此次黄金创新高背后真正的功臣其实是动量交易(Momentum trading),简单来讲就是“追涨”,即大量买入已经显出强上涨趋势的黄金。动量交易策略体现了市场对黄金强烈的看涨预期,这一点从黄金ETF中也可以观察到。规模750亿美元的SPDR黄金ETF的空头头寸占已发行份额的百分比创下2009年以来的新低。另外,彭博数据显示,截至上周全球黄金ETF的总持仓量在连续18周净流入后达到历史新高。

投资者近来对于黄金的信心主要来自两方面。

首先是中美之间的地缘政治局势加剧。

上周双方互关领事馆以及近期美国频繁的军事动作使两国关系跌入冰点。世界上最大的两个经济体之间的摩擦已经从前期的贸易、科技、金融逐步延伸至外交、政治、甚至军事等各领域,形成“新冷战”的格局。而这种对峙的局面在11月美国大选前似乎难以降温,这给黄金的进一步上涨创造了有利环境。

其次是弱势美元对金价的提振。

疫情在美国继续蔓延,连特朗普都已经戴上了口罩,可见疫情之严重。美国或将延长或者实施更为严格的社交距离限制。美国经济复苏的步伐已经落后于欧洲以及亚洲地区,全球资本有流出美国寻找更安全更高收益投资的趋势,因此对美元形成利空。而为了刺激经济复苏,和其他国家一样,美国史无前例的量化宽松(扩表)和财政刺激(赤字)仍将继续,这将不可避免地造成货币贬值。对通胀的预期有望把具备抗通胀属性的黄金推向更高的价格。

USDX 日线图 来源:MT4

美元经过一波急坠之后,已经触及两年新低93.40,并且得到了初步支撑。我们可以从本周美联储的货币政策会议、新一轮财政刺激方案以及二季度GDP中寻找未来美元走势的线索。

周四将迎来美联储利率决议。在财政刺激没有出炉以及疫情没有平缓之前(两者均不受美联储控制),美联储只得继续维持当前宽松的货币政策。而市场焦点在于美联储是否将释放出调整通胀目标框架的重要信号,即用平均通胀目标(average inflation targeting 或AIT) 替代当前2%的通胀目标设定,从而允许通胀率在加息之前突破2%。一旦这种以结果为导向的前瞻指引被广泛讨论,代表美联储有意推迟货币政策的收紧,从而有望进一步压低实际利率和美元。相反,如果美联储没有在此次会议上表达对该政策的强烈兴趣,则美元可能获得空头回补。

今天亚市早盘,美国参议院共和党提出了一项1万亿美元的抗疫刺激计划,其中600美元/周的失业救济金将遭到削减,这将波及数千万失业人口的主要收入来源,经济复苏的前景堪忧。目前无论是共和党内部还是与民主党(提出3.5万亿美元的刺激计划)之间都存在着不小的分歧。如果国会不能在8月休会前尽快通过新一轮刺激方案,对美元前景势必造成负面影响。

另外,美国二季度GDP预估为环比下降35%。尽管数据看上去非常糟糕,但市场对此已经充分计价。只要实际值不偏离预期太远,应该都不会对美元造成太大波动。

XAUUSD 日线图 来源:MT4

总的来看,已经创下新高的金价在上方没有技术阻力位。在地缘政治风险和弱势美元的加持下,黄金中期的目标显然是2000美元大关。但也需要谨防短线的获利回吐,尤其是日线图上正在形成较长的上影线和超买区域回落的随机指标。从小时图上看,1930附近有初步支撑,随后是前高1921。可以留意价格回撤之后的入场机会。


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