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Analysis

Gold
USD

美元崩跌 金银暴走

Jerry Chen
Jerry Chen
Research Strategist
22 July 2020
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本周二,美元的自由落体式下跌和黄金白银的暴走成功抢占了头条,而股市则比较少见的受到了冷落。

外汇市场,欧元自2019年1月以来首次击破1.15关口(欧盟通过了7500亿欧元的复苏基金),英镑突破200天均线走高至1.2733,澳元收高于去年4月以来的最高水平0.7129(澳洲宣布将延长JobKeeper和JobSeeker至明年3月底但补贴金额将逐步缩减),纽元升至5个月高点0.6640。

反应美元兑一篮子货币价值的美元指数(USDX)毫无悬念地重挫,一度跌破95整数关口,最终收于95.09。但即使经历了连续三周的下跌和昨天的自由落体,RSI指标依然没有呈现严重超卖的现象。今天盘中,USDX延续近来颓势,再次跌穿95大关。3月份低点94.52是空头的下一个目标。

说到空头,上周五美国商品期货交易委员会(CFTC)最新数据显示,截至7月14日当周,美元投机性净空仓规模增至166.5亿美元,较前一周持续增加21.7亿美元,加剧了美元指数的卖压。

USDX 日线图 来源:MT4

除了非美货币表现强劲,美元极度疲弱的原因更多还是来自于美国国内的现状。疫情对经济的打击,新一轮财政刺激措施的分歧,美国大选的不确定性,以及近期两位美联储前主席耶伦和伯南克所暗示的收益率曲线控制等,都对美元构成拖累。

实际收益率不断走低是另一根压垮美元的稻草。5年和10年期美债实际利率分别跌至2012-2013年以来最低的-1.13%和-0.87%,促使资本抛售美元而寻找更高收益率的资产。

实际利率走低的另一个直接影响就是刺激金价飙升(因为持有黄金的机会成本下降了)。黄金昨日收盘于1841美元,为2011年9月以来的最高水平。今天早盘继续走高至1865。

自疫情以来,实际利率(棕)持续走低的原因不外乎两点。一是名义利率(蓝)低位运行,二是预期通胀率(灰)逐步走高。

来源:中金、Bloomberg

由于美联储史无前例的量化宽松的影响,美债名义利率一直在低位徘徊。考虑到疫情对经济造成的影响将持续数年之久,美联储已经表示将保持宽松的环境直至就业和通胀水平显著回升,并且收益率曲线控制逐渐成为可能的选项,因此名义利率或将继续走低。但与此同时,随着油价、PMI指数等回暖,市场对未来的通胀预期有所上升。若将上述两者相减之后,我们就得到了在负值区域不断下行的实际利率。

简单来说,实际利率的走低体现了市场对经济前景的担忧和通胀率的抬头,而黄金正好具备对冲不确定性和抗通胀的天然属性,因此黄金的吸引力大幅提升。同时考虑到美国大选前持续升温的地缘政治风险以及没有缓和迹象的疫情,黄金的避险属性有望继续提振金价,冲击历史高位1920。

XAUUSD 周线图 来源:MT4

白银继昨天创下4年新高21.27之后,今天最高飙升至7年高位22.86,但技术指标显示严重超卖,需要留意短线回调的风险。

相比黄金,白银具备更多的工业属性,其走势与大宗商品价格和经济复苏进程息息相关。随着7月初50天和200天均线走出金叉,以及金银比逐渐向均值回归(目前仍高达80左右),白银有望跟随全球经济复苏的步伐开启一段牛市。在挑战2012-2013年的25-26区间的方向上没有明显阻力。

XAGUSD 日线图 来源:MT4


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