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Analysis

Gold

实际利率回升 黄金反弹受阻

Jerry Chen
Jerry Chen
Research Strategist
1 Oct 2020
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美国大选的首场电视辩论在混乱中落幕,虽然投资者担忧今年大选结果可能出现延迟甚至争议,但财政刺激方案的积极消息刺激了市场中的风险偏好,黄金周三下跌至1885.40,九月份累计下跌超4%,连续第二个月回落。

电视辩论是美国大选的重要组成部分,是选民在大选前全面了解候选人施政理念的最好机会。但特朗普和拜登昨天的辩论让人大跌眼镜,其过程极度混乱并且支离破碎。据统计,90分钟的辩论过程中特朗普共计73打断拜登的发言,并通过咄咄逼人的姿态向拜登发起攻击并试图扰乱其思路,同时在关键议题上顾左右而言他。而拜登则出乎意外地展现出较好的抗干扰能力。虑到其民调领先优势以及其本身就不擅长于辩论的形象,可以说拜登昨天的表现已经好于预期,很多媒体都认为拜登“赢得”了首场辩论。

尽管电视辩论万众瞩目,但由于大部分选民都已经“心有所属”,再加之今年疫情原因很多选民已经提前完成投票,所以总体来看今年三场大选辩论对金融市场的影响将依次下降。

邮寄投票可能造成的大选争议以及特朗普拒绝和平交接的风险的确会引发一定的避险情绪,但影响黄金的因素错综复杂(疫情、地缘政治、货币政策、通胀预期、仓位调整等),大选或者辩论只是其中一部分。黄金目前的走势更大程度上还是取决美元的实际利率。

近来包括鲍威尔在内的多位美联储官员重申了财政刺激的急迫性,言下之意是美联储现阶段将继续观望,而一切就指望国会和白宫了。但是财政刺激方案已经僵持数月。更糟糕的是,两党在新任大法官提名听证会以及11月大选之前恐怕无暇顾及谈判,因此导致市场对通胀预期的落空。

若预期通胀率的下跌(上升)幅度大于(小于)名义利率,会带动实际利率走高。而实际利率与黄金往往呈现负相关性。这也是为什么实际利率(蓝色)自9月以来从历史底部回升,而黄金(红色)持续回调的关键原因了。

因此,影响黄金后市最为关键的因素就在于通胀预期。如果财政刺激计划迟迟无法出炉,或者美联储始终不愿采取具体的行动来推高通胀,我们或将继续看到预期通胀率下跌而实际利率上行,从而利空黄金。本周三好于预期的小非农(ADP)数据暗示周五的非农可能同样靓丽。若美国就业市场回暖,财政刺激的紧迫性则会相应降低。

技术面来看,黄金仍处于8月历史高点以来的下行趋势中。上周金价跌破1900整数关口之后加速下跌,失守8月低点1862之后测试了100天均线和4月开始的上升趋势线共同组成的支撑1848一线。这里可以作为金价的短期支撑,一旦破位恐将跌向1763水平。金价在1900下方受到看跌的10天EMA线压制,继续维持偏空的观点。

上行方向,前期支撑1900/05转换为阻力区域,突破后才标志着近期调整的结束,届时再考虑择机做多。若能进一步攻克下降趋势线(虚线)的压制,或将重新确立上升趋势。


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