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Analysis

US

美国大选的那些事

Jerry Chen
Jerry Chen
Research Strategist
23 Sept 2020
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随着11月3日的美国大选的临近,市场中的避险情绪正在逐渐升高。

若想要在大选前后高波动率的市场环境下觅得合适的交易机会,我们首先需要回顾往届选举,寻找那些有具有参考价值的信息和规律。

二战后美国历次总统大选情况

美国的政党轮替较为均匀,二战之后没有一个政党连续执政超过三届任期。获胜者的得票数占比不断下降, 2000年以后的候选人都未能获得超过70%的选举人票,表明两党竞争日益激烈。

二战后不同党派的大选获胜概率

过去18次大选中,共和党赢得10次(56%),民主党赢得8次(44%)。

连任失败的总统

二战之后总共有三位总统(排除肯尼迪遇刺和尼克松下台)连任失败,分别是福特、卡特和老布什。落败的主要原因都是由于经济不景气。

但今年的特殊情况在于,美国的股市与经济基本面严重脱钩。若参照1984年以来100%正确的预测规律,即“若标普500在大选前3个月走高,则现任执政党会获胜”,特朗普依然有可能获得连任。

上述两条规律哪一条会最终应验呢?​

美国大选的年度效应

自1972年以来,美元指数在12个大选年的平均涨幅为4.9%,而非大选年为-1.49%。同时期内,标普500在大选年平均上涨6.4%,而非大选年的平均涨幅达到9.18%。由此可以看出,美元指数具有正向的大选年度效应。

美国大选的季节效应

自1972年以来,美元指数在过去的12个大选年中9-10月的平均涨幅为1.87%,高于选后11-12月的1.30%。同时期内,标普500在大选年9-10月的平均涨幅为0.04%,选后11-12月则平均上涨1.81%。

可以看出大选前避险需求往往能提振美元而对股市形成压力。但在大选之后由于不确定性骤降,美元涨幅随之收窄而股市平均涨幅扩大。

2020年大选最新民调

在不同的民调中,拜登均领先特朗普,但优势正在缩小。由于选举人团制度的存在,赢得民调或者选票并不代表赢得大选。2016年的希拉里就是前车之鉴。

来源:RealClear Politics

2020美国大选日历

尽管拜登的民调保持领先,但特朗普始终牢牢掌握竞选造势中的话语权。即将到来的三场电视辩论将是特朗普最好的扳平甚至逆转战局的机会。相比“瞌睡乔”的僵硬和无趣,特朗普的辩论更具爆发力也更令人印象深刻(暂且不论发言内容的真伪)。今年由于疫情影响,预计会有更多人在电视前观看总统辩论。

另外,今年大选的另一大不确定性因素来自于邮寄投票。由于疫情影响,今年会有更多选民选择邮寄投票,这也就意味着计票过程需要更多的人力和时间。原本的11月3日选举日可能被迫延长至选举“周”甚至是选举“月”。

延迟出炉或充满争议的选举结果可能造成混乱的局面,从而让人们回想起2000年耗时一个月左右的重新计票和法律诉讼。当时最高法院一锤定音,帮助小布什战胜了​副总统戈尔。不要忘了,由于金斯伯格的去世,现在美国最高法院大法官的职位出现了空缺,目前仅剩​8人。

如何交易美国大选

特朗普和拜登的当选分别会对市场产生怎样的影响?股市、汇市和黄金将如何波动?面对大选前巨大的不确定性,投资者该如何对冲风险,提前布局?

我们诚邀您参加9月24日(周四)的Pepperstone在线讲座,了解更多美国大选的那些事。扫码下方二维码报名 ,或➡️Peperstone线上讲座——如何交易美国大选。


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