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Analysis

US500

标普500负“重”前行 多空厮杀决战3000

Jerry Chen
Jerry Chen
Research Strategist
12 May 2020
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自三月崩盘以来,标普500已经从低位强势反弹了31%,在此期间市场似乎无视一切糟糕的经济数据,美联储的超级宽松政策和科技股的飙涨共同提振了股市。然而随着疫情逐步趋缓,基本面受到的冲击势将逐渐显现,对疫情二次爆发的担忧同样为股市前景蒙上了阴影。

日线图上,股指上行方向可谓阻力重重。目前股指在61.8%的回档位2930一线遭遇压力稍有回落,随机震荡指标的主线在超买区域有随时向下穿越信号线的可能,显示出上涨动能的衰竭。上方的100天均线向下穿越200天均线,在3000点附近形成强阻力。而3028(绿色)一线是去年7-9月间的高点形成并延申至今的阻力线。另外,从波浪理论来看,股指已经完成了上升5浪,或将开启下降趋势。10天EMA即2880可以看作初步支撑,下破后可看低至50%回档位2790。

标普500(US500)日线图

除了技术指标外,股市的“重压”还来自于以下几方面。

经济数据和通缩隐忧

美国4月份失业人口2050万,创记录新高,失业率14.7%,创大萧条以来新高。大部分失业岗位来自于服务业,而服务于占据了美国经济总体量的近80%。具有更宽泛统计口径的广义失业率U6高达22.8%,该指标能更准确地反映出当前严峻的就业形势。平均时薪环比增长4.7%,虽然好于预期0.4%,但反映出低薪职业的失业人数增加。这些数据暗示了比预想中更糟糕的基本面和难以避免的经济衰退。

经济重启需要的时间可能比预想的更长,而长期的大规模失业或收入减少将严重打击消费者的能力和信心,引发通缩的担忧,从而打压股市。今晚出炉的4月CPI预期为环比-0.7%,前值-0.4%,通胀水平短期内难以恢复。本周五的4月零售销售月率预计下滑10%,前值减少8.7%是自有该统计以来的最大降幅。若实际值比预期还弱,可能坐实通缩的担忧,并且强化投资者“美股涨势过度”的观点。

标普5?标普500?

美股的“贫富差距”正在不断加大。标普500的成分股中,市值前五的公司(微软、苹果、亚马逊、Alphabet和Facebook)占据了总市值的21%。其中四巨头(除亚马逊外)自3月23日低点以来的涨幅普遍高于标普500(亚马逊除外)。同期,追踪更多大型科技股表现的FANG+指数表现也优于大盘。股市的集中度位于历史高位,存在一定风险。在缺乏其他多数股票参与的情况下,股市很难完全释放上涨动能。

来源:Pepperstone

从估值角度来看,标普500成分股2020财年的EPS预估较2月高点下降了25%左右,而同期标普500指数仅回落了14%,其预期市盈率在经济严重衰退的预期下高达21,为近20年来的新高。这不禁让投资者担心,随着美联储扩表速度放缓,流动性是否能继续支撑股指在当前水平。尤其值得注意的是,40%的公司在本次财报中没有给出全年利润指引,突显出悲观的经济前景。

疫情二次爆发的担忧

随着经济的逐步重启,人们对疫情二次爆发的担忧日益加剧。最近白宫接连有高级雇员确诊新冠肺炎,而特朗普在要求全体白宫工作人员戴上口罩工作的同时,自己却没有佩戴。特朗普的言行某种程度上代表了相当一部分美国民众对新冠的态度。如果连白宫都无法有效抵御病毒侵袭,全美上下抗疫前景则更加堪忧。一旦疫情卷土重来,对经济和信心的冲击将远甚于第一波,股市或将面临无法承受之重。

中美关系

随着美国大选临近,中美关系将成为未来一段时间内的风险事件。如果贸易战重启,对本已千疮百孔的经济和股市显然是致命一击。最新消息显示,特朗普要求美国退休基金全面退出中国资本市场,标志着中美博弈延申至金融领域。CFTC数据显示了当前的市场情绪。截至5月9日,标普500期货投机性的净空头头寸达到22万张合约,是2015年以来的最大值,市场看空氛围浓厚。

当然,市场看空的情绪从反弹开始以来就一直存在,但都没有改变股指上涨的轨迹。考虑到大量对冲基金和养老基金不断加仓美股以完成资产组合配置的重新调整,恐慌指数VIX自二月底以来首次回落到30下方,以及潜在的新一轮财政刺激方案,股指依然具备上冲的可能。一旦突破3000/28区域,或将就此大步迈向2月份创下的历史高点。


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