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Analysis

USD

美聯儲“鷹”擊長空 美元起飛黃金重挫

Jerry Chen
Jerry Chen
Research Strategist
17 June 2021
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沈寂許久的市場終於在美聯儲會議後再次迎來久違的波動率。

作為對美聯儲偏鷹派的立場的反應,截止周三收盤,美元指數(USDX)一舉突破91關口,兌所有主要貨幣均錄得漲幅;10年期美債收益率接近1.6%拖累美國三大股指收低;黃金、白銀重挫2.5%,帶領大宗商品價格幾乎集體回落;加密貨幣全面淪陷。

主要貨幣對6月16日漲跌幅 來源:Pepperstone MT4

美聯儲決議速覽

  • 加息路徑提前

點陣圖顯示美聯儲在2023年年底前將有兩次加息,早於此前預計的2024年。本次會議上,18名委員中有13人預計2023年加息至少加息一次,多於今年3月時的7人。

美國聯邦基金利率期貨顯示,市場完全定價美聯儲將在2023年4月加息。

  • 調高通脹預期

美聯儲的經濟展望顯示,2021年至2023年的各項經濟數據的預測均有所改善。

近來強勁的經濟數據讓美聯儲官員越來越相信,通脹可能比他們預期的來的更為猛烈和持久。美聯儲對2021年的PCE預估從3月的2.4%上調至3.4%,更接近當前的實際通脹率。但同時預期未來兩年的通脹將逐漸回落至目標2%附近。

既然預期通脹在未來兩年回落,為何又預計提前加息呢?期待鮑威爾之後能對此做出進一步的闡述。

  • 縮表納入議事日程

鮑威爾表示,未來幾個月的經濟數據(尤其是就業數據)將決定何時啟動縮表,而加息並不是目前考慮的重點。這意味著在未來的每次美聯儲會議上,縮減購債都會是一個被公開討論的話題。以下的這些關鍵數據和事件值得密切關註。

6月25日:核心PCE

7月2日:非農

7月13日:CPI

7月29日:FOMC會議

8月下旬: 傑克遜霍爾央行年會

9月23日: FOMC會議

市場普遍預計美聯儲將在第三季度正式公布縮減購債的路線圖,並在2023年正式啟動縮表。

  • 上調超額存款準備金率

由於隔夜逆回購連續創出5000多億美元的天量,並且聯邦基金利率長期接近於零值(0.05%),美聯儲宣布將超額準備金利率(IOER)從0.1%調整至0.15%,預計能有效緩解貨幣市場的壓力。

總的來看,這次會議可能是疫情以來美聯儲立場的關鍵轉折點。隨著此次會議的落幕,投資者勢必會相應的調整倉位。未來兩天我們將看到市場更真實的反應。對於投資者而言,更高的市場波動率往往意味著更多的交易機遇。



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