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Analysis

Gold

美国大选前后的黄金交易策略

Jerry Chen
Jerry Chen
Research Strategist
8 Oct 2020
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今年以来黄金价格上涨了20%以上,并在8月创下了历史新高2075。

随着大选的日益临近,近来黄金和美元的价格走势扑朔迷离。不过长期来看,如果拜登胜选,结合通货再膨胀的交易,黄金有望继续走高。

2020年黄金的跌宕起伏

今年由于新冠疫情的爆发,全球央行史无前例的向市场注入天量资金,投资者对货币贬值和恶性通胀的担忧加剧。而黄金的避险需求、实际利率(经通货膨胀调整后的利率)触及历史地位以及美元的疲软共同将金价推升至8月的历史新高。

与此同时,今年前7个月有创纪录的资金流入黄金ETF,各类ETF总共持有的黄金总量增加了31%,几乎超越了此前任何单一年份的增长。尽管最近几个月金价有所回落,但地缘政治风险的因素仍在继续吸引资金涌入黄金。

然而投机者对黄金期货的活跃度却不高。投机性净多头头寸仍与去年创下的纪录水平有些差距。实际上,由于美元走强和实际收益率反弹,截止到九月底净多头头寸已急剧减少至近15个月的低点,黄金也随之跌至1900下方。

如果排除概率极低的共和党同时赢得总统、参议院和众议院的情形,今年大选的结果主要有以下三种可能。

大选情形之一:蓝色浪潮

如果民主党席卷总统、参议院和众议院,即实现蓝色浪潮,美国的各项政策或将迎来重大变化。

美国的企业将面临更高的公司税率以及更严格的监管,在中期内或将打压美元的竞争力。不过,拜登所主张的基础设施建设和大规模财政刺激计划可能会刺激美国经济尽快走向复苏。

在蓝色浪潮下,国会(立法)将能够更为高效的通过相关立法而不会看到目前的财政刺激方案的谈判僵局,而白宫(行政)则能快速推动、执行相关刺激政策。这种情况下,美国经济复苏的势头会更为强劲,预期通胀率有望快速且大幅提升,而债券名义利率仍将钉在接近零的水平,因此实际利率可能再次转跌从而利好黄金。本周的民调显示蓝色浪潮的可能性正在逐步升高。

另外,在民主党大胜的情况下双赤字可能进一步恶化。更大的经常账户缺口和财政赤字将在中期增加美元的阻力,并为黄金的多头带来额外的刺激。

大选情形之二:拜登当选和分裂国会

如果拜登最终入主白宫,而共和党和民主党分别把持参议院和众议院形成分裂国会,大选之后的不确定性将推高美元的波动率。

在拜登的领导下,美国的外交政策(尤其是与中国的双边关系)将更为务实。贸易战的硝烟或将逐渐散去,经济增长前景有望稳步改善。但由于分裂国会的存在使各项政策无法快速形成立法,因此通胀率可能温和回升(实际利率温和下跌)。因此黄金适度看涨。

大选情形至三:特朗普2.0

如果大选过后一切照旧,我们预计特朗普的主要政策在第二个任期内不会有太大的转向,只是不会像第一个四年中那样“用力过猛”。

有针对性的财政支出和放松监管将维持下去,但共和党控制的白宫和参议院或将继续反对大规模的财政刺激方案。在缺乏政府财政强有力支持的的情况下,通胀水平很难有起色,而对经济的担忧会使名义利率下降的程度更深,因此实际利率会升高,打压黄金。另外,历史数据表明特朗普的支持度和美元呈现正向关系,这同样是一个利空黄金的因素。

大选前的黄金走势

尽管黄金目前依然维持着自4月以来的上升趋势,但近来买盘缺少做多的热情,使金价继延续着8月历史高点以来的回调。100天均线(黑色)附近的1860是金价下方的重要支撑,若下破可能迎来一波更为大幅度的回调至1765一线。1900下方可逢高做空。

黄金想要重拾上升趋势,需要看到美元的走弱或者美国财政援助方案的刺激。1900/05是多头首先需要攻克的目标,随后是下降趋势的压制线以及55天均线(红色)的1940区域。



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