Pepperstone logo
Pepperstone logo
  • English
  • 中文版
  • Ways to trade

    Pricing

    Trading accounts

    Pro

    Premium clients

    Refer a friend

    Active trader program

    Trading hours

    24-hour trading

    Maintenance schedule

  • Trading platforms

    Trading platforms

    TradingView

    Pepperstone platform

    MetaTrader 5

    MetaTrader 4

    cTrader

    Integrations

    Trading tools

  • Markets

    Markets to trade

    Forex

    Shares

    ETFs

    Indices

    Commodities

    Currency Indices

    Cryptocurrencies

    Dividends for index CFDs

    Dividends for share CFDs

    CFD forwards

  • Market analysis

    Market news

    Navigating Markets

    The Daily Fix

    Meet the analysts

  • Learn to trade

    Trading guides

    CFD trading

    Forex trading

    Commodity trading

    Stock trading

    Crypto trading

    Bitcoin trading

    Technical analysis

    Candlestick patterns

    Day trading

    Scalping trading

    Upcoming IPOs

    Gold trading

    Oil trading

    Webinars

  • Pepperstone Pro

  • Partners

  • About us

  • Help and support

  • English
  • 中文版

Analysis

US
US30

收益率急速攀升 削减恐慌重现?

Jerry Chen
Jerry Chen
Research Strategist
23 Feb 2021
Share
美国债券收益率近来强势上涨,收益率曲线陡峭程度也达到近年新高。由此引发的对股市估值的担忧令美股连续数日承压下行。

我们在上周的文章《盛宴还是泡沫》中就已经指出了过热运行的股市有回调的需求,而收益率的上行加速了这一过程。

收益率为何上涨?

疫苗在美国的快速推进有效提振了市场对于经济重启和复苏的预期,投资者认为未来通胀率将加速上行且美联储可能提前退出量化宽松政策,因此纷纷抛售长端的国债转向更高收益率的资产,导致长端各期限的利率都加速上扬。

今年截止目前10年期美债收益率已经上涨了近45个基点至1.37%,刷新了一年新高。30年期收益率攀升至2.17%。2年和10年期的利差升至4年新高。

削减恐慌历史重演?

首先,什么是削减恐慌?美联储主席伯南克在2013年5月暗示将逐步削减购债规模,随即引发了全球债市的恐慌抛售。在随后半年不到的时间内,美国10年期收益率急升140个基点,其他主要经济体的基准收益率也大幅上扬。因此市场用“削减恐慌”(taper tantrum) 来形容美联储当年的货币政策转向。

那么问题来了,面对当前疫情后的现状,削减恐慌会历史重演吗?个人认为可能性不大!

美联储已经多次表示充分就业和2%的平均通胀目标是收紧货币政策的前提,而目前这两项指标均未达标。尽管近期通胀率有所抬头,但鲍威尔认为这只是“暂时性”的。而就业市场近来的数据则更为惨淡,离实现充分就业还有不小的距离。

正是因为经济全面复苏还任重道远,因此若此时减缓购债甚至暗示加息,基准收益率的上涨将会拉升国债发行、企业融资、按揭贷款、信用卡等利率水平,宽松的金融环境可能不复存在,这对尚处于起步阶段的经济复苏来说并无益处。相比于经济快速冷却,美联储应该更乐见适度的过热。

另外有一个容易被忽视的点在于,鲍威尔以及多名美联储的官员的任期将在明年结束,若想继续留任,配合拜登政府努力提振经济或许才是最为“明智”的选择,从这个角度上来说,收益率的上涨恐怕也不会持续。

本周鲍威尔将在国会听证会上做半年度的货币政策报告,若届时重申宽松货币政策的立场或许能给目前火爆的收益率降降温。

修正行情中暗藏机遇?

虽说收益率不具备持续上涨的基础,但近来美国国债的抛售潮无疑加剧了债市的波动率(蓝)。而从历史数据来看,债市波动可能会传导至股市(VIX,白色)以及汇市(G10货币波动率,紫色)。若有恐慌指数之称的VIX指数跟随走高,美股或将继续经历一段阵痛期。

来源:Bloomberg


不可否认,利率和资产价格呈现一定的负相关性。从微观层面来看,收益率的上涨将影响企业的融资成本,增加债务负担。而从估值模型的理论来看,基准收益率的升高将会降低未来现金流折现后的现值,即挤压股票价格。因此那些去年受益于低利率以及居家办公概念而涨幅居前的板块(如科技股)在此次回调中领跌。

但值得注意的是,近期收益率(红)的上涨的主要驱动因素是通胀预期(绿),而非实际利率(蓝)。

来源:Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System

支撑通胀预期升高的正是经济增长前景的改善和信心的恢复。在这一宏观环境下,企业自身的盈利增长或许能对冲高收益率带来的负面影响。

实际上,低利率不再是影响资产价格的唯一因素,股市的运行逻辑正在从流动性支撑逐步转向经济修复。在未来一段时间,我们或许将看到经济增长和利率上行并存。

当股市中的极端看涨情绪和投机氛围有所降温之后或许才是更好的入场机会。只是我们需要留意投资风格的切换。收益率的升高和曲线的陡峭化有望提振能源和金融等周期股的表现。指数方面,道指(US30)以及追踪小盘股的罗素2000指数(US2000)或将受益于传统产业模式的“王者归来”以及广义上的经济复苏。科技股恐怕无法再现去年的辉煌。



Related articles

盛宴还是泡沫?

盛宴还是泡沫?

US
【本周展望】 全球债券收益率上升 股市承压

【本周展望】 全球债券收益率上升 股市承压

US
Gold
GBP

Most read

1

The disinflationary message seen in commodities and rates markets

2

Will the BOJ be the last dovish domino to fall?

3

Trader thoughts - the conflicting forces dictating EURUSD flow

Ready to trade?

It's quick and easy to get started. Apply in minutes with our simple application process.

Get startedSubscribe to The Daily Fix

The material provided here has not been prepared in accordance with legal requirements designed to promote the independence of investment research and as such is considered to be a marketing communication. Whilst it is not subject to any prohibition on dealing ahead of the dissemination of investment research we will not seek to take any advantage before providing it to our clients.

Pepperstone doesn’t represent that the material provided here is accurate, current or complete, and therefore shouldn’t be relied upon as such. The information, whether from a third party or not, isn’t to be considered as a recommendation; or an offer to buy or sell; or the solicitation of an offer to buy or sell any security, financial product or instrument; or to participate in any particular trading strategy. It does not take into account readers’ financial situation or investment objectives. We advise any readers of this content to seek their own advice. Without the approval of Pepperstone, reproduction or redistribution of this information isn’t permitted..

Other sites

  • The Trade Off
  • Partners
  • Group
  • Careers

Ways to trade

  • Pricing
  • Trading accounts
  • Pro
  • Premium Clients
  • Active Trader program
  • Refer a friend
  • Trading hours

Platforms

  • Trading Platforms
  • Trading tools

Markets & Symbols

  • Forex
  • Shares
  • ETFs
  • Indices
  • Commodities
  • Currency indices
  • Cryptocurrencies
  • CFD Forwards

Analysis

  • Navigating Markets
  • The Daily Fix
  • Pepperstone Pulse
  • Meet the analysts

Learn to Trade

  • Trading Guides
  • Videos
  • Webinars
Pepperstone logo
support@pepperstone.com
1300 033 375
Level 16, Tower One, 727 Colins Street
Melbourne, VIC Australia 3008
  • Legal documents
  • Privacy policy
  • Website terms and conditions
  • Cookie policy
  • Whistleblower Policy

© 2025 Pepperstone Group Limited

Risk Warning: Trading CFDs and FX is risky. It isn't suitable for everyone and if you are a professional client, you could lose substantially more than your initial investment. You don't own or have rights in the underlying assets. Past performance is no indication of future performance and tax laws are subject to change. The information on this website is general in nature and doesn't take into account your personal objectives, financial circumstances, or needs. You should consider whether you’re part of our target market by reviewing our TMD, and read our PDS and other legal documents to ensure you fully understand the risks before you make any trading decisions. We encourage you to seek independent advice if necessary.

Pepperstone Group Limited is located at Level 16, Tower One, 727 Collins Street, Melbourne, VIC 3008, Australia and is licensed and regulated by the Australian Securities and Investments Commission.

The information on this site and the products and services offered are not intended for distribution to any person in any country or jurisdiction where such distribution or use would be contrary to local law or regulation.

© 2024 Pepperstone Group Limited | ACN 147 055 703 | AFSL No.414530