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Analysis

US
Gold
GBP

【本周展望】高收益率反噬经济复苏前景?

Jerry Chen
Jerry Chen
Research Strategist
1 Mar 2021
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本周将迎来美国2月份非农以及各主要经济体PMI数据,澳洲联储将于周二公布利率决议。但市场最为关心依然是美债收益率是否会进一步升高,从而继续拖累全球股市和金价。

上周交易一览

本周展望

周一(3月1日):中国2月财新制造业PMI;德国2月CPI;欧元区、法国、德国、英国2月制造业PMI终值;美国2月ISM制造业PMI

周二(3月2日):澳洲联储利率决议;欧元区2月CPI

周三(3月3日):澳洲第四季度GDP;中国2月财新服务月PMI;美国2月ADP就业人数;美国2月ISM非制造业PMI

周四(3月4日):澳洲1月零售销售;欧元区1月零售销售;美国上周初请失业金人数

周五(3月5日):美国2月非农就业和失业率;美国1月贸易帐

股市

美国收益率的快速攀升加剧了股市投资者的担忧,美国三大股指上周全线下跌,其中纳斯达克重挫4.92%,创去年10月以来最大单周跌幅。不过三大指数在2月仍旧收高。

鲍威尔上周连续释出鸽派信号安抚市场情绪,并未对当前的收益率表示出担忧。因此在多项乐观的经济数据出炉之后,10年期收益触及1.60%的一年新高。市场更为担心的是,一旦对通胀的预期形成共识,国债可能面临更猛烈的抛售,而收益率则将进一步上扬。因此上周7年期国债拍卖的认购倍数创历史新低的2.045,显示出投资者对国债敬而远之的心理。

虽然美联储强调收益率上涨代表着市场对经济前景的乐观预期,但过快上涨的收益率恐怕将对经济复苏产生反作用力,比如按揭贷款、车贷、信用卡、企业融资、政府发债等成本上升、企业盈利受到挤压、债务违约率升高、财政赤字进一步恶化等。同时,高利率也意味着支撑去年股市强势反弹的估值体系面临崩盘的危机。

本周包括鲍威尔在内的美联储众位官员将接连发表讲话,若届时表达出对收益率过高的担忧,或将缓解国债的抛售潮,并降低市场对于加息的预期。另外,1.9万美元在众议院有惊无险的通过之后,将提交参议院审议,其对通胀和收益率产生的影响也值得我们关注。

数据方面,本周重中之重无疑是周五的2月非农数据,这将检验拜登上台之后,尤其是疫苗推进之后劳动力市场的复苏情况。

美国国债的抛售同样波蔓延全球,导致欧洲主要股指周线下跌。中国内地和香港股市上周风声鹤唳。除了受到欧美股市的拖累之外,香港打算提高股票交易印花税的消息加剧了市场的恐慌情绪。

贵金属与原油

  • 黄金

美国的名义和实际收益率上周大幅走高,导致金价上周跌破1760的关键支撑,最低触及8个月新低1717,最终收于1733.89,连续第二周也是第二个月下跌。

短期内除非美联储出手干预,否则国债抛售很难快速降温,因此目前黄金市场的看空情绪急速聚集,金价本周或将继续下探1700整数关口,这里也是下降通道的下沿和61.8%的回档位。但需要留意的是日线图上RSI指标已经进入超卖区域,此前两次超卖信号出现之后,金价均有大幅回升。

  • 原油

WTI原油(XTIUSD)二月飙升18%至61.54。美国的寒潮打击了原油产能,而新冠疫苗的加速推进以及19万亿美元刺激计划的临近则持续提振原油需求预期。但是,油价的上涨可能引发OPEC+的逐步增产,本周的OPEC会议将就此给出更多信号。油价本周或将继续在60-65美元区间震荡运行。

外汇

  • 美元

相比鲍威尔的鸽派言论,市场更愿意相信亲眼所见的收益率攀升,因此美元指数(USDX)上周先抑后扬,收盘逼近91关口。联邦基金利率期货数据显示,美联储2022年底加息的概率已经升至70%,欧洲美元利率期货有着相似的押注。

  • 欧元

周五的大跌抹去了欧元此前四天的出色表现,周线下跌0.37%至1.2072。欧洲央行首席经济学家表示出对过度上涨的收益率的担忧,认为其对宽松的货币政策构成挑战。周四的长上影线和周五的大阴线令汇价短期前景偏空。汇价在跌破20天均线之后,38.2%回档位1.2063,以及100天均线1.2018附近提供新的支撑。若展开反弹,第一阻力见于23.6%回档位的1.2170。

  • 英镑

英国较为成功的疫苗接种此前持续为英镑提供上涨动能,但美元上周的反弹终结了英镑连续六周的升势,收盘失守1.40,重新跌至上升通道内部。在从1.4239的三年高位回落之后,下方的1.3756进入空头视野。而货币市场隐含的英国提前加息预期或将帮助多头再次推升汇价至通道上轨区域。



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