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Analysis

USD

谁能阻挡美元的脚步

Jerry Chen
Jerry Chen
Research Strategist
29 Apr 2022
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美国经济在第一季度意外萎缩,但美元指数却有望录得1967年以来的最大月度涨幅。

美国第一季度GDP同比意外下滑1.4%,但这很难改变美联储下周大幅加息的决定,毕竟目前抑40年来最高的通胀率才是美联储的当务之急。

美元指数虽然在数据公布后涨幅有所收窄,不过整体强劲的走势没有受到丝毫影响。今天是四月最后一个交易日,在刷新了20年来新高之后,指数连续第四个月升高早已板上钉钉,本月涨幅大概率在5%以上,或将成为1967年以来最好的单月表现。更为夸张的是,美元指数在过去20个交易日中有18天上涨!

下图是彭博美元指数的一个月风险逆转指标(看涨期权波动率-看跌期权波动率),该数值接近2011年以来均值上方3倍标准差附近,可见投资者的看涨情绪已经达到了非常惊人的程度。

这种长时间和大幅度的上涨势头会持续多久?

只要通胀继续处在目前的高位,美联储的加息预期就很难出现松动,收益率在经过短暂调整后还有很大的上方空间,也就意味着美元指数的前景仍旧值得期待。当然,目前的103.80附近需要经历一番考验,这里是2017和2022年的高点。

那通胀又将何时见顶呢?

今天将出炉的3月PCE物价指数将给到我们初步的线索,预计将小幅升高至6.5%,前值为6.4%。核心PCE预计将从5.4%降至5.3%。从此前的CPI数据来看,虽然核心通胀增速不及预期且二手车价格下降,但汽油、租金、服务等价格仍呈现普涨格局,要想看到通胀拐点可能还需要一段时间。

非美货币的疲弱也对美元起到了推波助澜的作用。

4月份截止到目前为止,日元暴跌了7%,欧元和英镑重挫5%,而这三个货币占据了美元指数所对应的一篮子货币中80%左右的权重!

日本央行昨天表示将重申维持宽松政策的决心,继续将10年期收益率锁定在0.25%以下,这相当于给日元的贬值亮起了绿灯,美日利差继续扩大,美/日顺势突破130关口,即将完成连续8周上涨的壮举。

而欧元则是面临着内外交困的局面。战争已经将欧元区通胀推高至创纪录的7.5%,并且严重威胁到欧洲的能源安全和经济增长。德国将2022年经济增长预期从1月的3.6%下调至2.2%,法国4月消费者信心降幅也超过预期。经济滞涨的风险让欧洲央行迟迟无法做出加息的决定,这与美联储的鹰派形成的鲜明的反差。

欧元周四一度跌穿1.05,刷新2017年的最低水平。更致命的是,欧美和俄罗斯之间的制裁与反制裁短时间内很难画上句号。欧元前景充满未知,即使短线反弹也难以扭转长期以来的颓势。



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