Analysis

Gold

你真的了解黄金上涨的原因吗

Jerry Chen
Research Strategist
11 June 2020
由于今天凌晨美联储的利率决议偏鸽派,且鲍威尔强调了疫情对经济造成的长期影响,因此美元指数继续承压,在过去12天中11天录得跌幅,而黄金则攀升至1738美元/盎司。

从日线图上看,金价昨天收盘突破了始于5月18日的下行通道(红)上轨,若金价能站稳通道上方,短期内有望挑战前高1745和1765。短期均线和MACD指标均暗示后市有向上突破的潜力。若收盘回落至通道内则证明是虚假突破。下方的50天EMA(绿)提供了支撑,若价格回撤至此可以考虑适当建仓。

黄金(XAUUSD)日线图 来源:MT4

当前环境下,我们依然看好黄金的长期走势。众所周知,黄金的抗通胀、对冲经济衰退及不确定性的天然属性使得黄金在疫情期间受到追捧。而我们可以将这些宏观面的因素融入一个单一指标中进行观察。这个指标和黄金之间有千丝万缕的联系,是带动金价涨跌的核心因素,这就是美债的实际收益率。我们通过下图来进一步说明。

来源:Bloomberg

最上方:橙色代表黄金价格的倒数(走势越低代表金价越高),白色为美国5年期通货膨胀保值债券TIIPS的收益率(即扣除通胀因素后的实际收益率)。两条线的走势高度一致,说明了随着实际收益率走低(目前为-0.70%)金价走高,两者呈现负相关性。这背后的逻辑在于,虽然黄金本身类似于零息债券不产生受益,但相比负收益的债券还是更具有吸引力的。

中间:橙色代表5年期美债的名义利率,而蓝色是5年期盈亏平衡通胀率(即预期通胀率)。两者相减即为实际收益率。

美联储最新的点阵图显示,零利率下限将维持至2022年,且至少以目前的步伐继续购买债券,因此美债各期限名义利率可能长期在低位徘徊。一旦有走高的迹象,美联储还可以祭出”收益率曲线控制“甚至”负利率“这些杀招。另一方面,预期通胀率则可能随着经济重启,就业率回升,油价上涨、供应链回流等因素走高。由此可以预计,实际收益率或将长时间在负值区域走弱,这利好于黄金。

最下方:全球负收益率的债券规模(目前是11.2万亿美元)与金价同样呈现负相关性。越来越多的负收益债券会促使投资者远离债券市场,与此同时持有黄金的机会成本则相对降低,从而增加了黄金的吸引力。

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